Satellite Imagery and Remote Sensing
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Transcript Satellite Imagery and Remote Sensing
Satellite Imagery and
Remote Sensing
NC Climate Fellows
June 2012
DeeDee Whitaker
SW Guilford High
Earth/Environmental Science &
Chemistry
Outline
What is remote sensing?
What role does the
electromagnetic spectrum play
in satellite imagery?
How does remote sensing
work?
How can satellite imagery be
applied to climate change?
Applicable NC Essential Standards
Earth Environmental Science-1.1.3, 1.1.4, 2.2.3,
2.2.1, 2.5.1, 2.5.2, 2.5.3, 2.6.3, 2.8.3
Biology-2.1.4, 2.2.1, 2.2.2, 4.2.1
Physical Science- 3.2.1
Physics- 2.2
Middle School Science- 6.P.1, 6.P.3, 6.E.2, 6.L.2,
7.E.1, 8.P.2, 8.E.1, 8.E.2
What is remote sensing?
Identifying, observing, and
measuring an object without
coming into direct contact with
it (NASA)
So many satellites and sensors
According to NASA-there are about 3000
satellites operating in Earth orbit in 2012.
US Satellite Orbits
Constellation
What role does the electromagnetic
spectrum play in satellite imagery?
A
Visible Light
Differences Among Infrared Regions
Near IR- (0.7 - 1)microns
740- (3000-5200 K)
Earth’s surface and above
Mid IR 5 to (25-40) microns
(92.5-140) to 740 K
only above the atmosphere
Far IR (25-40) to (200-350) microns
(10.6-18.5) to (92.5-140) K
only above the atmosphere
Satellite Imagery-Remote Sensing
Satellite imagery is a special case of
photography.
Radiation bands in the electromagnetic
spectrum that are reflected from the Earth’s
surface back into space can be collected by
satellite sensors and stored digitally.
The most common electromagnetic bands
used in satellite imagery are visible light,
near infrared radiation (NIR), and infrared
radiation (IR).
Electromagnetic Spectrum and Satellite
Sensors
Different types
of earth viewing
satellite sensors
operate in
different
portions of the
electromagnetic
spectrum.
© DLR-DFD, 1996
http://marine.rutgers.edu/mrs/education/class/yuri/erb.html
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http://accessscience.com/search.aspx?rootID=796762
Examples of Satellite Imagery
NASA and Google Earth
Visible and Near IR Comparisons
What different types of
information do IR and visible
wavelengths supply?
Differences between ground IR data,
aerial data, and satellite data?
Ease of data
collection
Data extent,
records
Spatial Resolution
Temporal
Resolution
Spectral Resolution
Tradeoffs in Sensor Design
To increase the signal to noise ratio,
we can :
Field of View
How
do
these
Dwell time
changes affect
Width of
the different
spectral bands
resolutions?
Landsat 7 Program
Land cover and
land cover change
Temporal: 16 days
Spectral: 4-8 bands
Spatial: 30 m
http://earthobservatory.
nasa.gov/Features/Land
sat/
MODIS (on 2 satellites, Moderate Resolution
Imaging Spectroradiometer)
Temporal: Daily
Global land cover
Spectral: 36 bands and ocean RS
Spatial: 250-1000 m Fire monitoring
http://modis.gsfc.nasa.gov/about
IKONOS- commercial
Temporal: On Demand
Spectral: 4 bands,
panchromatic
Spatial: 1-4 m
Local land cover
http://www.satimagingcorp.com/galleryikonos.html
JASON (Active)
Temporal: 10 days
Sea level
Spectral: NA (Active)
Spatial: ~ 2 km
http://ilrs.gsfc.nasa.gov/satellite_missions/list_of_sate
llites/jas2_general.html
Sensor Platforms
Pigeons, Planes, and Satellites
Pigeons, planes, and satellites
How might scientists use IR
data to study the earth’s
surface?
Kohrs, Infrared Image
How can satellite imagery be applied to
climate change?
Weather
forecasting
Storm tracking
Ocean
temperature
monitoring
Sea level changes
Large scale land
mass changes
Aerial Photography
Works on the same principles
as satellite imagery
Altitude is less giving better
resolution and more details.
Used for change analysis,
planning, natural resource
management, and land use
identification.
Student Activities
Spectral Analysis-inquiry exploration
Satellite Imagery-internet
NC OneMap-data and imagery
http://www.nconemap.com/
National Map-data and imagery
http://nationalmap.gov/viewer.html
Summary
Remote sensing allows us to observe
and monitor the earth surface
Features on the ground can be
interpreted using spectral information
Satellites have wide range of
purposes