Transcript Events management system: test document - Inter

Inter-American Development Bank
Vice-presidency for Sectors and Knowledge
Infrastructure and Environment Sector
Regional Policy Dialogue
Meeting on Integrating Climate Change Adaptation and
Disaster Risk Management into Development Planning
Sustainable Energy, Climate Change and Disaster Risk Management Network
Impacts of Climate Change on
Disaster Risk Management
Receding Glaciers in Peru
CLIMATE CHANGE AND ITS PRIMARY IMPACTS ON SECTORS(*)
Climate Change Challenges
Primary Impacts on Sectors
Agriculture
Soil degradation,
reduced
production,
increase in
economic
vulnerability.
Ecosystem &
Fresh Water
Resources
Degradation of
environmental
services and river
and lake potential.
Health
Energy
Water
Increase in
morbidity and
mortality.
Deterioration of
environmental
conditions.
Reduced
hydroelectric
potential. Increase
in the importation
of energy and in
energy prices.
Reduction in water
availability for
human
consumption,
agriculture and
industry.
Deterioration of Human Development/
Increase in Poverty
(*)Guidelines for the creation of a National Strategy for Climate
Change Adaptation. Gonzalo Griebenow y Julio García
In 1970, Peru counted with 18 large glacier areas or snow-capped
mountains that covered an area of 2041 km2; in 1997 that area had
reduced in size to 1595 km2. In other words, in only 27 years, the large
glacier or snow-capped mountain range area was reduced by a
magnitude of 21,8%. This represents a substantial loss of ice mass, with
serious implications for small glaciers with a limited or non-existent ice
accumulation zones. The latter are simply altogether disappearing.
The Cordillera Blanca, located between 8º 08’ – 10º 02’ South latitude
and 77º 09’ – 77º 53’ West longitude, in the nucleus zone of the
Huascarán Biosphere Reserve, is the highest and most extensive
tropical glacier range in the world. In 1970 its glacier area was 723.37
Km2 (UGRH), in 1997 this measurement had decreased to 611.48 Km2
(INAGGA), a decrease of 111.89 Km2 in its glacier area. This represents a
15.46% decrease in the glacier area in the Cordillera in the past 27 years.
Monitoring Results for the Cordillera Blanca for the Following Six
(06) Pilot Glaciers: Broggi, Uruashraju, Yanamarey, Gajap,
Huarapasca and Pastoruri (06 pilot glaciers).
Monitoring results consisting of aerial photographs and field
measurements reveal an average annual recession of the glacier
fronts of ± 8 m. in the period between 1948-1976; and of ± 20 m
between 1977 and 2004.
From a vulnerability standpoint, glacial avalanches, torrents,
overflow and rupture of lakes, snow slides and falls have produced
innumerable catastrophes with substantial loss of human lives,
destruction of towns and infrastructure and incalculable economic
losses.
In the Callejón de Huaylas (Alley of Huaylas), the Cordillera Blanca has been the setting
of multiple natural events, where the consequences of the rupture and overflow of the
Palcacocha lake in 1941 can still be felt. The rupture and overflow of the lake was the
cause of the ice torrent that destroyed a third of the city of Huaraz, with a loss of
approximately 5,000 lives; the cause of the avalanches and torrents of the North Peak of
the Huascarán range, which in 1962 destroyed 09 towns, amongst them, Ranrahirca,
where 4,000 people perished. Finally, on May 31st, 1970, the city of Yungay was buried
with 18,000 deaths. Most recently, on April 2002, a snow avalanche in the Safuna Alta
Lake created a wave that surpassed the glacier’s ± 80 meter-high naturally-occurring
dam. On March 19th, 2003, another glacier fall into the Palcacocha Lake created a wave
that surpassed the 10 meter glacier dam.
DISTRIBUTION OF GLACIER AREAS
OR SNOW-COVERED RANGES IN THE
PERUVIAN ANDES
LEGEND
LOCATION OF GLACIER AREAS
PERU
Territorial Area = 1,285,216 Km2
Population = 26,748,972 Inhabitants
(2002)
Total No. of Lakes & Lagoons = 12,000
GLACIER MONITORING IN THE CORDILLERA BLANCA
INRENA – IRD FRANCE – UNIV. INNSBRUCK-AUSTRIA
RECEDING BROGGI GLACIER
1932-2004
1932
1997
1977
2004
RECEDING YANAMAREY GLACIER
( Cordillera Blanca- 4,786 msnm, altitude)
1982 - 2005
1982
1997
1987
2005
F DECEMBER 13th, 1941 TORRENT
OVER HUARAZ CITY
CHRONOLOGY OF NATURAL DISASTERS
(AVALANCHES, TORRENTS, LAKE & LAGOON OVERFLOW)
ANCASH DEPARTAMENT
(1702 – 2003)
Nro
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2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
OCURRENCIAS
Inundación de Huaraz
Ruptura de la Laguna - Huaraz
Avalancha del Nevado Huandoy
Aluvión sobre Monterrey
Deslizamiento de Rampac Chico - Carhuaz
Desborde de Lagunas sobre Huari
Desborde de Laguna Rajucolta sobre Macashca
Alúd de Huascarán hacia Shacsha, Ranrahirca
Ruptura Laguna Soltera Cocha hacia Pacllón
Ruptura Laguna Artesa, Qda. Ulta
Ruptura Laguna Magistral - Conchucos
Ruptura Lag. Suero Cocha - Cordillera Huayhuash
Ruptura Laguna Palcacocha - Huaraz
Ruptura Laguna Ayhuina - Chavín
Ruptura Laguna Jancarurish - Central C. Pato.
Ruptura Laguna Artesoncocha - Laguna Parón
Ruptura Laguna Pacliash - Qda. Ishinca
Ruptura Laguna Tullparaju - Huaraz
Ruptura Laguna Tullparaju - Huaraz
Avalancha y Aluvión Huascarán - Ranrahirca
Ruptura Laguna Tumarina - Huari
Sismo - Avalancha Aluvión Huascarán Norte - Yungay
Avalancha Huascarán Norte - Laguna Llanganuco
Alúd Nevado Artesonraju - Jatun Cocha
Ruptura Lag. Pacliash - Qda. Ishinca
Avalancha Huascarán Norte - Yungay
Avalancha Huascarán Norte - Ranrahirca
Desborde Laguna Pacliash Cocha - Marcará
Desborde Artizón Baja - Qda. Santa Cruz
Avalancha de Hielo y Roca del Nevado Huascarán Norte
Desborde Laguna Mullaca - Glaciar Vallunaraju Sur
Ruptura Laguna Safuna
Ruptura Morrena Lat. Izq. Laguna Palcacocha
Avalancha de Hielo proveniente del Nev. Huandoy
DAÑOS
Infraestructura
1500 muertos
1500 muertos
Infraestructura - 11 muertos
Infraestructura
Infraestructura
Infraestructura
Infraestructura
Infraestructura
Infraestructura
Infraestructura
Áreas agrícolas
Infraestructura - 4,000 muertos
Infraestructura - 300 muertos
Infraestructura
Elevación de nivel
Infraestructura
Infraestructura
Infraestructura
Infraestructura - 4000 muertos
Infraestructura - 10 muertos
Infraestructura - 18,000 muertos
14 muertos
Modificación del dique natural
Infraestructura
Infraestructura
Infraestructura
Infraestructura
Infraestructura
Infraestructura
Infraestructura
Infraestructura
Infraestructura
Infraestructura - 9 muertos
FECHAS
04/03/1702
06/01/1725
06/01/1725
27/02/1869
06/03/1870
22/02/1878
24/06/1863
22/01/1917
14/03/1932
20/01/1938
1938
20/04/1941
13/12/1941
17/01/1945
20/10/1950
06/06/1951
06/11/1952
1953
08/12/1959
10/01/1962
19/12/1965
31/05/1970
31/05/1970
31/05/1970
31/08/1982
16/12/1987
20/01/1989
/01/1997
20/05/1997
10/12/1997
18/11/2001
04/2002
19/03/2003
14/10/2003
VIEW OF THE PALCACOCHA LAKE AFTER
MARCH 19th, 2003
End of the Lengua Glacier
SOURCE:
Ice and snow
mass fall of the
posterior part of
the left lateral
range.
PALCACOCHA-QUEBRADA COJUP LAKE – EAST OF HUARAZ
NEVADO PALCARAJU (6264)
NEVADO PUCARANRA (6156)
Frontal view of the Palcaraju and Pucaranra peaks. The dotted lines show the area
of escarpment due to the flourishing of the rock surface. These were probably
interpreted by the Aster as an interstice or rift.
SNOW AND ICE TORRENT OVER RANRAHIRCA,
JANUARY 10th, 1962
Ranrahirca
Yungay
Rio Santa
Ranrahirca Torrent on January 10th, 1962
( 6:13 p.m. )
Matacoto
Rio Santa
Cementerio
de Yungay
Ranrahirca
Yungay
YUNGAY AVALANCHE TORRENT
MAY 31st, 1970
Huascarán
Norte
(6,655 m.)
Yungay
(2485 msnm)
Huascarán
Sur
(6,768 m.)
Ranrahirca
Cementerio
Yungay
Río Santa
Río Santa
YUNGAY BEFORE THE TORRENT
YUNGAY AFTER THE TORRENT
National Strategy of Climate Change (ENCC)(*)
Objective
To reach Peru’s projected growth while reducing the
adverse impacts of climate change.
This strategy seeks to identify vulnerable zones and/or
sectors across the country to implement adaptation
projects by first carrying out comprehensive vulnerability
and adaptation studies.
(*) Created in 2003.
Adaptation Guidelines
To reduce the vulnerability of Peru to climate change by increasing its
adaptation capacity.
To invest in the improvement of knowledge on receding glaciers as to
formulate and execute an adaptation action plan as to address the
impacts on climate change on the hydroelectric industry (e.g., supply
of water for productive activity and to the cities).
To strengthen the synergy between public policies and measures to
alleviate poverty.
Promotion and development of an environmental, cultural and societal
consciousness in an effort to protect the quality of the air and the
atmosphere, as well as to promote knowledge, information and
education on climate change.
To decrease deforestation by controlling migratory agriculture and
unplanned settlements in forest areas that create changes in land and
soil use.
Strategic Points of Action
To promote and develop scientific, technological social and economic
research about the vulnerability, adaptation and mitigation of climate
change in Peru.
To promote public policies and projects that allow for the development
of the adaptation capacity necessary to fight the effects of climate
change and decrease vulnerability.
Diffusion of national knowledge and information on climate change.
Management of frail mountain and other special ecosystems for the
mitigation of vulnerability to climate change.
Action Plan
To guarantee the implementation of the recommended guidelines
under the National Strategy of Climate Change (ENCC)
Thematic Axes
Research and development of capacities
Integration of adaptation in government policies
Participatory process
Evaluation & Monitoring
CLIMATE CHANGE RESEARCH AGENDA IN PERU
(AIC)
OBJECTIVE
To attain an observational system that
records changes in the weather and that
contributes to the efficient forecasting and
prevention of climate change.
THEMES
•
Peru’s climate change science.
•
Mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions.
•
Vulnerability and adaptation to climate
change.
•
Monitoring and measurement.
THANK YOU