Transcript Diapositiva 1 - Programa de las Naciones Unidas para el Medio

Dr. Matilde Rusticucci
Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
Latin America is highly heterogeneous in terms of climate,
ecosystems, human population distribution and cultural
traditions.
Most of the rainfall is concentrated in the convergence zones
or by topography, leading to strong spatial and temporal
rainfall contrasts, such as the expected sub-tropical arid
regions of northern Mexico and Patagonia, the driest desert
in the world in northern Chile, and a tropical semi-arid
region of north-east Brazil located next to humid Amazonia
and one of the wettest areas in the world in western
Colombia.
Dra. Matilde Rusticucci - Universidad de Buenos Aires - Argentina
In addition to weather and climate, the main drivers of
increased vulnerability are demographic pressure,
unregulated urban growth, poverty and rural
migration, low investment in infrastructure and
services, and problems with inter-sectoral coordination.
Climatic variability and extreme events have been
severely affecting the Latin American region over
recent years.
Dra. Matilde Rusticucci - Universidad de Buenos Aires - Argentina
Some countries have made efforts to adapt, particularly
through conservation of key ecosystems, early warning
systems, risk management in agriculture, strategies for
flood, drought, coastal management, and disease
surveillance systems.
Nevertheless, the establishment of a regional adaptation
network might enhance their capacities.
Dra. Matilde Rusticucci - Universidad de Buenos Aires - Argentina
 A survey was carried out with several institutions and
experts in Latin American and Caribbean countries on
their opinions, as well as their need and interest in
participating in a regional adaptation network.
 The study was made electronically, sending out the surveys
and analyzing information available on the internet.
 Most of the contacts were provided by the Inter-American
Institute for Global Change Research (IAI – www.iai.int),
an intergovernmental organization devoted to develop
multinational and multidisciplinary global change research
projects (global change meaning climate change +
socioeconomic consequences)
Dra. Matilde Rusticucci - Universidad de Buenos Aires - Argentina
 Since the time to perform the survey was rather short, although
173 surveys had been sent out, 31 responses were received by
August 25.
 Most of them were received by the deadline on August 15.
 However, an interesting fact is that answers continued to arrive
after the deadline from people and institutions that had received
the surveys from individuals or institutions initially contacted by
this consultancy.
 A longer period for the deadline would have made it possible to
further expand the dissemination of the survey.
Dra. Matilde Rusticucci - Universidad de Buenos
Aires - Argentina
Argentina:
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National Water Institute (Instituto Nacional del Agua - INA) may provide diagnosis
studies and exchange of information and expects to receive scientific and technical
support from the NETWORK.
Argentine Institute of Nivology, Glaciology and Environmental Sciences (Instituto
Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales - IANIGLA) may generate
information and facilitate contacts with national and provincial governmental
institutions.
School of Agronomy, National University of La Pampa may provide education and
information on soil and crop management techniques, as well as contacts with
producers. They expect financial support, exchange of information and support for the
organization of meetings.
Environmental Studies Group, National University of San Luis may provide education
and contacts with farmers, and expects to get in contact with policy makers, and
references to apply for grants.
University of Buenos Aires, may contribute to the network through its interdisciplinary
program on climate change and by organizing interdisciplinary adaptation workshops.
Dra. Matilde Rusticucci - Universidad de Buenos Aires - Argentina
Barbados
 Caribbean Disaster Emergency Response Agency
(CDERA) may provide education, information and
exchange experiences, facilitate contacts with local
decision makers and with decision makers in the area
of disaster risk reduction and expects to receive
information and experiences from other countries,
financial support and technical cooperation.
Dra. Matilde Rusticucci - Universidad de Buenos Aires - Argentina
Brazil
 Institute of Atmospheric Sciences in Maceió may provide
education and exchange of remote sensing and modeling
information, and expects to receive collaboration in aspects
of adaptation in semi-arid regions and preparedness for
droughts.
 Embrapa Semi-arid may exchange information and provide
advice and expects to receive financial support for research
and databases.
 Embrapa Informática Agropecuária may collaborate in the
area of climate change and its impacts on agricultural
production.
 Federal University of Paraná – Center for the Environment
may provide education, information, and contacts with
stakeholders and decision makers, and expects to
participate in the exchange of information and researchers,
and cooperation for the organization of meetings.
Dra. Matilde Rusticucci - Universidad de Buenos Aires - Argentina
Chile
 Department of Environmental Sciences and Renewable Natural
Resources, University of Chile may provide research, education,
databases, exchange of information, and contacts with stakeholders
and decision makers. They expect to receive support to strengthen the
exchange of information and financial support for travel and contacts.
 Institute of Political Ecology may provide local and regional training
thus facilitating contacts with stakeholders and decision makers, and
expects to receive information, access to databases, political analyses
and joint action plans, access to human and financial resources.
 Global Change Center – Catholic University may participate in the
exchange of information, experiences and education and expects to
participate in related networks.
 Regional UNESCO Office in Chile may provide education and
participate in the exchange of information, facilitate contacts with
social and business actors as well as with decision makers in the area of
education. Expects to receive information and contacts.
Dra. Matilde Rusticucci - Universidad de Buenos Aires - Argentina
Colombia
 Institute of Hydrology, Meteorology and Environmental Studies
(IDEAM) may participate in the exchange of information and
experiences with adaptation projects, and expects to receive training to
formulate and evaluate adaptation projects and monitoring
methodologies as well as support to generate climate change scenarios.
 Social and Environmental Sense (SENSE) may participate in the
exchange of information, contacts with vulnerable stakeholders
(indigenous groups, afro-Colombians, small and mid producers) and
expects to obtain access to scientific information and funding sources.
 Ministry of the Environment, Housing and Territorial Development –
Climate Change Mitigation Group may participate in the exchange of
information and experiences, and expects to receive support to
implement successful experiences and financial support for projects.
Costa Rica
 Tropical Agricultural Research and Higher Education Center (CATIE)
may facilitate contacts with stakeholders and participate in the
exchange of information; they expect that a global platform be
established where to discuss on adaptation issues.
Dra. Matilde Rusticucci - Universidad de Buenos Aires - Argentina
Ecuador
Governmental Technical Secretariat for Risk Management may contribute in the area of
education and facilitate contacts with stakeholders, and expects to participate in the
exchange of information, experiences, projects and management models.
 International Center for Research of El Niño (CIIFEN) may provide education, training
for stakeholders, and dissemination of adaptation strategies in different environments.
They expect to participate in the exchange of knowledge, contacts and support to build
and strengthen local capacities.
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Guatemala
CARE may participate in the exchange of information, contacts with social and
institutional actors and decision makers as well as organization and awareness processes.
They expect to receive information, technical and empirical references on prevention and
mitigation actions and research funding sources.
 Fund for Ecological Development (ECOLOGIC) may contribute by promoting the
exchange of experiences, contacts with community leaders, authorities, the private
sector, and grass-root organizations, replicate field experiences. They expect to receive
information, contacts with organizations that have succeeded in their working processes,
and support for training.
 Forest National Institute may contribute by providing contacts with decision makers in
the forestry area and expects to receive advice to establish a climate change office.
 Planning and Organization Secretariat of the President’s Office (Segeplan) may
collaborate disseminating information, facilitating contacts with stakeholders, decision
makers within the country and technology exchange; expects to obtain updated
information and guidelines for the society.
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Dra. Matilde Rusticucci - Universidad de Buenos Aires - Argentina
Honduras
 Honduran Association of Water System Management Boards (AHJASA) may
collaborate by providing education, training and contacts with stakeholders
and decision makers and expects to share experiences through the NETWORK.
 Tigra Friends Foundation may contribute in the areas of education, project
formulation, contacts with cooperating organizations and decision makers,
and expects to receive technical and financial support.
Mexico
 Ensenada Scientific Research and Higher Education Center (CICESE) may
contribute with education, exchange of data and research and expects to
receive collaboration in the realization of integrated climate change
assessments, databases and regional models.
Peru
 Andean Community General Secretariat (Secretaría General de la Comunidad
Andina) may facilitate the work with Andean countries and exchange
information about ongoing projects and expects to receive information and
collaboration for joint activities with the countries of the Andean community.
Dra. Matilde Rusticucci - Universidad de Buenos Aires - Argentina
United States
(these are researchers that focus their work on Latin America and the Caribbean)
 University of Miami may provide education, exchange of information and contacts with
social actors and decision makers and expects to receive adaptation data and
methodologies.
 Udall Center for Studies in Public Policy, University of Arizona may contribute by
exchanging adaptation programs and experiences, contacts with adaptation action in
Mexico, contacts with decision makers, outreach, mechanisms for the exchange of
students. They expect that periodical meetings be held to exchange experiences, and
financial support for the organization of meetings and collaborative efforts, invitations to
conferences and seminars and contacts with experts in adaptation.
 Duke University (IAI PI) may provide education and research.
Uruguay
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Ministry of Livestock, Agriculture and Fisheries may contribute by exchanging
information, experiences, achievements, results, policies, networking –e.g., capacity
building. They expect to receive technical information and opportunities for horizontal
cooperation as well as support from specialized organizations and the creation of an
internet platform /web site on adaptation to climate change and variability.
Venezuela
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Andes University may provide education, information, contacts with stakeholders and
decision makers and the local communities, and expect to receive information and
advice.
Dra. Matilde Rusticucci - Universidad de Buenos Aires - Argentina
In general, the idea of creating the NETWORK was well
accepted and all those who responded expressed their
interest in participating in it.
 The main contributions of these institutions are related
with education, contacts with local, national and
regional stakeholders and decision makers.
 They expect to receive financial support for research,
information search and meeting organization, and to
exchange experiences.
Dra. Matilde Rusticucci - Universidad de Buenos Aires - Argentina
Some examples of highly relevant areas
for climate change adaptation and
networks already established.
Dra. Matilde Rusticucci - Universidad de Buenos Aires - Argentina
Networks related with adaptation to desertification
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International Network on Desertification and Drought in Latin America and the
Caribbean (RIOD_ALC)
The mission of RIOD-ALC is to promote, facilitate and expand the active participation of civil
society in the process of implementing the Convention to Combat Desertification in Latin
America and the Caribbean, especially as to the design, implementation, monitoring and
assessment of the national action programs at the subregional and regional levels, as well
as to participate actively in applying the Convention at the international level.
There are national and sub-national focal points in several countries in the region. It is a group
of NGOs.
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Inter-American Water Resources Network – southern South American node
The IWRN is a network aimed at building and consolidating cooperation related with water
resources among nations, organizations and individuals; promote education, open
exchange of information and technical expertise; communication, cooperation,
collaboration and financial commitments to achieve the integration of water resources and
soil to attain economic and environmental sustainable development in the Americas. In
general, the Regional Nodes are regional organizations that can assist the IWRN Advisory
Council in distributing information and coordinating activities of the IWRN with other
water-resources organizations in their region.
Dra. Matilde Rusticucci - Universidad de Buenos Aires - Argentina
Some national examples
 Honduras Water Platform (La Plataforma del Agua de Honduras - PAH)
 This is a voluntary organization whose members are individuals or corporate
bodies (government, civil society, private sector and cooperation) and is aimed
at promoting dialogue, assessments and proposals at the national level to
strengthen capacities and application of Integrated Water Resources
Management in the country.
 Mexican network to combat desertification and degradation of natural
resources
 One of the objectives of the National System to Combat Desertification and
Natural Resource Degradation (SINADES) is to contain and revert
desertification and land degradation through integral recovering and
sustainable production promotion programs, promoting the adoption of
production systems and practices that preserve natural resources among
producers.
Dra. Matilde Rusticucci - Universidad de Buenos
Aires - Argentina
Latin American Vector Control Network (RELCOV)
 The network was created in 2003 to optimize vector control in Latin
America by taking maximum advantage of the region’s resources and
within the framework of the goals and guidelines established by the
governments and PAHO/WHO.
 The Pan-American Health Organization concentrates activities in Latin
America. PAHO and WHO are working together on global climate
change issues throughout the region, assessing risks in each country,
improving knowledge of the effects of climate change on health, and
improving health systems to address climate related risks, facilitating
the strengthening of public health through decisions on climate
change in other important sectors and establishing interdisciplinary
relations to implement adaptation priorities based on science.
Dra. Matilde Rusticucci - Universidad de Buenos Aires - Argentina
 In Brazil, one of the strategies to adapt production to changing weather
conditions and avoid the adverse phenomena of climate change is
biotechnology, adapting varieties of soybean and bean to global warming.
 to make sure that scientific results have some impact on the decision making
process of farmers in the region, the project had to interact with a regional
NGO, which promotes capacity building and exchange of agroecological
information among communities of family farmers in northeastern Brazil
 Mexico informs that actions proposed for adaptation of the agricultural sector
to climate change include:
 Changes in dry-land crop variety:
 Selection and generation of crop varieties resistant to pests, diseases, drought,
poor soils, etc.
 Climate forecasts may become adaptation measures by themselves, and they
would also make it possible for planning in view of likely incidence of extreme
climatic events
 Argentina: typical case of autonomous adaptation (expansion of the
agricultural frontier towards the West and the North of the traditional
agricultural area, adapted to the strong trends in mean rainfall).
Dra. Matilde Rusticucci - Universidad de Buenos Aires - Argentina
 a Grant Agreement was signed between the World
Bank and the Caribbean Community Climate Change
Centre (CCCCC) for the implementation of the Special
Programme for Adaptation to Climate Change:
Implementation of Adaptation Measures in Coastal
Zones (SPACC) Project (2007 – 2011).
Dra. Matilde Rusticucci - Universidad de Buenos Aires - Argentina
 The disparity among presentation dates and the delay
in submissions may be indicating that environmental
issues are not a priority in Latin America and the
Caribbean
 However, adaptation to climate change should be one
of the key issues for Latin America, understanding it
as the actions allowing ecological, social and economic
systems to gradually adapt to the new threats related
to global climate factors, in order to reduce their
vulnerability.
Dra. Matilde Rusticucci - Universidad de Buenos Aires - Argentina
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Caribbean Community Climate Change Center (CCCCC)
CEPREDENAC, Comité Interinstitucional de Lucha contra la Desertificación y sequía en Honduras, Federación de
Asociaciones Nacionales de Centro América y el Caribe de Sistemas de Agua (FANCCASA)
Climate Change and the Caribbean A Regional Framework for Achieving Development Resilient climate Change
(2009-2015)
Fuerza de Tarea Interagencial de Naciones Unidas para la reducción de desastres
La Asociación Mundial para el Agua (GWP – Global Water Partnership)
Plan Andino Amazónico de Comunicación y Educación Ambiental (PANACEA)
Plan Estatal de Acción Climática de Baja California (PEAC _ BC)
PNUD – Colombia
Programa Latinoamericano y del Caribe de Educación Ambiental (PLACEA)
Proyectos cooperativos con Canadá, red Chile, Argentina y Bolivia, para comprender las vulnerabilidades de las
comunidades andinas a la variabilidad hidroclimatológica y cambio climático
Red de Agua y Saneamiento de Guatemala RASGUA
Red de Expertos en adaptación al cambio climático y servicios ecosistémicos (ADANET)
Red Iberoamericana de Oficinas de Cambio Climático (RIOCC)
Red latinoamericana del proyecto “Prácticas Útiles de Adaptación frente a Eventos Hidrometeorológicos Asociados al
Cambio y la Variabilidad Climática en América Latina y el Caribe (http.//climadapta.univalle.edu.co)
Red Mexicana de Manejo Integrado Costero-Marino (http://www.uacam.mx/epomex/redmanejo/contactanos.html)
Rede Agricultura en Brasil (http://www.agrisustentavel.com/)
Rede Desertificacao do Semiárido Brasileiro
Tropical America Katoomba Group (TAKG) Katoomba Group
UICN (International Union for Conservation of Nature) Mesoamérica
We adapt (www.weadapt.org)
WWF – Colombia
Dra. Matilde Rusticucci - Universidad de Buenos Aires - Argentina
 governments,
 Countries that have made progress in vulnerability and adaptation
studies are the ones that have received external financial support
(GEF, World Bank, IDB, etc.) to prepare their inventories and other
related activities. Because they are close to people and their
problems, contacting governments at the municipality level is
usually more effective
 scientists,
 A great lack of coordination is observed between natural and social
sciences, which is negative
 environmental issues require a truly interdisciplinary approach
 civil population
 inhabitants of the different vulnerable sectors
 NGOs working in the “interface” between the two groups described
previously and this one.
Dra. Matilde Rusticucci - Universidad de Buenos Aires - Argentina
An effective network will be one composed by
representatives from the three identified groups,
one that will be able to take advantage of the
inputs of each of them, but overall one that will
be able to merge these groups in a true dialogue of
mutual feedbacks.
Dra. Matilde Rusticucci - Universidad de Buenos Aires - Argentina
¡Muchas gracias!
Dra. Matilde Rusticucci
Universidad de Buenos Aires – Argentina
[email protected]