Transcript Anatomy/Health Science

Anatomy/Health Science
Mangala Iyengar
10/25/08
Science Olympiad Coaches Institute
The Event
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Covers anatomy, physiology, and pathology of
the skeletal and circulatory systems
Process skills expected may include data
collection, making observations, inferences,
predictions, calculations, analyses and
conclusions.
NO resources
Test Format
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Timed Stations
Case Studies
Data Analysis
Passage Analysis (Division C)
Other Activities (Divisions B and C)
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Model Digestive System
Puzzles
Study Focuses
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Critical Thinking and Logical Reasoning
Integration of Systems; the “big picture”
Pathology as a window to physiology
Speed
Memorization is important and necessary –
but it will not get you very far.
Resources
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Campbell’s “Biology”
NCSO Event Resources
Wikipedia
http://www.tufts.edu/as/wright_center/products/sci_ol
ympiad/sci_olympiad.html - older practice events and
coaches clinics for various events.
http://soinc.org/
http://www.lakesideschool.org/upperschool/communi
ty/scienceolympiad/resources.html - good
compilation of links
Tournament Strategies
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Do not split up the systems between
teammates
Write down questions on your sheet so you can
answer them later
Bring a watch to time yourself at stations.
Don’t panic if you don’t know the answer off
the bat; try to reason your way through
Mock Event: Part 1
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Directions will be on the projector screen –
follow Anatomy or Health Science instructions
as appropriate.
2:00 per station, 30 second warning
1st portion: Anatomy Stations, Health
Science Passage Analysis. Stations are in
this power point; passage analysis is further
back in the notebook.
Anatomy Stations 1-2 (4 minutes)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
What are the three layers of tissue made of in an artery?
What are the three layers of tissue made of in a vein?
How do the walls of arteries differ from the walls of veins?
What is the one thing that veins have that arteries do not?
How do the differences between veins and arteries (your
answers to 3 and 4) relate to the functions that each one
performs. (In other words, what structural feature(s) make
arteries better suited for transporting blood from the heart
and veins better for transporting blood to the heart?)
Anatomy Station 3
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The middle trace (“volume
changes”) is numbered 1-5. Match
each of these numbers to the
appropriate description (below).
1. ____ rapid filling of ventricles
2. ____ isovolumetric relaxation
3. ____ atrial systole
4. ____ blood flows into aorta
5. ____ isovolumetric contraction
6. Is this a trace of the left or right
ventricle? How do you know? (1
sentence max)
Anatomy Station 4
1.
2.
3.
What are the units of
compact bone?
What are the large
dark spots?
What are the small
dark spots?
Anatomy Station 5
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Jim has a serious genetic disorder called
Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome. He suffers from
immunodeficiency and bleeds for hours
before his blood can clot.
1.
2.
Where in Jim’s body do all these problems
originate? How do you know?
Bonus: What would you suggest as a treatment
for Jim?
Mock Event: Part 2
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Health Science stations will be up on the
projector; Anatomy will spend the next 10
minutes doing the puzzler activity in teams.
2 minute stations, 5 stations for Health Science
Puzzle: 4 by 4 square; the two squares with the
smiley-faces fit together as two of the center
squares.
Health Science Station 1
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Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is a congenital heart disease. Before birth,
there is a shunt called the ductus arteriosus that connects the aorta to the
pulmonary artery. This duct normally shortly after birth. However, in
people with PDA, the ductus arteriosus remains open.
What effect will this have? Give ALL CORRECT ANSWERS. You will
get a point for correct answers, and lose a point for incorrect answers.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
Deoxygenated blood from the pulmonary artery will flow into the aorta,
causing deoxygenated blood to circulate in the body.
Oxygenated blood from the aorta will flow into the pulmonary artery, causing
oxygenated blood to mix into the pulmonary circulation.
The blood pressure in the lungs will decrease
The blood pressure in the lungs will increase
Fluid will accumulate in the lungs because the tissue pressure exerted by the
lungs will not be enough to counter the increased blood pressure
The lungs will have lower blood pressure because the blood from the
pulmonary artery will have run into the aorta.
Health Science Station 2
There may be multiple correct answers to each of the following questions. You will
receive a point for each correct answer, and lose a point for each incorrect answer.
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A patient at a hospital has been
genotyped for several blood
antigens. The results from the
test show that they are IAi/RhRh-/LMLM . Which of the
following donors can donate
blood to this patient?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
IAi/Rh-Rh-/LMLN
IBi/Rh-Rh-/LMLM
IAIA/Rh-Rh-/LNLN
ii/Rh+Rh+/LMLN
IBi/Rh-Rh+/ LNLN
ii/Rh-Rh-/ LMLN
IBIB/Rh+Rh-/ LMLM
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A baby’s paternity is in dispute,
and its blood genotypes are
IAi/Rh-Rh-/LMLM . Which of the
following genotypes could
represent the father?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
IAi/Rh-Rh-/LMLN
IBi/Rh+Rh-/LMLM
IAIA/Rh-Rh-/LNLN
ii/Rh+Rh+/LMLN
IBi/Rh-Rh+/ LNLN
ii/Rh-Rh+/ LMLN
IBIB/Rh+Rh-/ LMLM
Health Science Station 3
1.
2.
3.
The shift in hemoglobin saturation
represented by this graph is called
the
?
What is the enzyme that primarily
regulates blood pH?
How does pH affect hemoglobin
saturation? (All correct answers)
a.
b.
c.
d.
At low pH, hemoglobin is more
saturated because it has to bind
more tightly to oxygen.
At low pH, hemoglobin is less
saturated because it has to release
oxygen to tissues
At high pH, hemoglobin is more
saturated because it has to release
oxygen to the tissues
At high pH, hemoglobin is less
saturated because it has to bind
oxygen more tightly
Health Science Station 4
1.
2.
3.
4.
What is wrong with this
person?
Circle the part of the X-ray
that allowed you to
diagnose the person
List 3 symptoms that this
patient might be
experiencing.
Name one activity that this
person should probably
avoid.
Health Science Station 5
Match each joint location to its type (eg
ellipsoid, hinge, etc)
1.
Hip
b.
Wrist
c.
Elbow
d.
CarpalsMetacarpals
2. Pick two of the above and explain what would
happen to your body if the joint types were
switched.
a.
Answers and Grading
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“Ideal” answers given here
Partial credit will be given for most questions
and/or incomplete answers
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Each portion of an expected answer is assigned a
point value; you get points for the number of
correct things you say.
Incorrect answers will not lose points unless stated
in the station question or directions
Answers : Anatomy 1-2
1 and 2: Endothelium/Smooth muscle/connective tissue
3. Artery walls have a thicker layer of muscle
4. Veins have valves
5. The thicker muscle in artery walls gives them more
elasticity to deal with the higher pressures coming
directly out of the heart (1) and also allows them to
contract or expand the artery in response to nevous
feedback (2). Veins have much lower blood
pressure, and the valves that they have prevent
blood from flowing backwards (1).
Answers: Anatomy 3
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
4
3
5
2
1
Left (1); it is unlikely that there would be
such high pressures in the pulmonary
circulation (2).
Answers: Anatomy 4
1.
2.
3.
Haversian Systems OR osteons
Haversian Canals OR Central Canals
Lacunae
Answers: Anatomy 5
1.
2.
Bone marrow (2). The normal function of
bone marrow is to make blood cells – red,
white, and platelets (2). Immunodeficiency
indicates that white blood cells are not
functioning (1); bleeding for hours suggests
that there is a problem with platelets as well
(1). This information adds up to a problem
with the bone marrow.
A bone-marrow transplant.
Answers: Anatomy Puzzler
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Should have a completed puzzle in every
notebook.
Questions?
Health Science Answers: 1
1.
B, D, and E
This question tests an understanding of both blood flow
around the heart and blood pressure. Since the aorta
is at higher pressure than the pulmonary artery,
blood will flow into the PA if the two are joined.
This will increase blood pressure in the lungs,
which will also cause fluid to accumulate in the
lung tissue, since the lungs do not usually encounter
pressures comparable to those in the aorta.
Health Science Answers 2
1. A, C, and F. The patient is
Rh-, so the donor must be as
well, so we can eliminate
donors D, E, and G. Donor
B can be eliminated because
they carry the IB allele. The
MN allele carries weak to
no cross-reactivity and is
not usually a factor in blood
donation, so patients A, C,
and F can all donate.
2. A, B, and F.
C and E do not carry the M
allele, so there is no chance
that they can be the father.
Looking at the ABO types,
we can eliminate only G,
because he has 2 IB alleles.
D carries 2 Rh+ alleles and
therefore cannot father an
Rh- child. The genotypes
left are A, B, and F.
Health Science Answers: 3
1.
2.
3.
The Bohr Shift
Carbonic Anhydrase
B. Low pH indicates high pCO2, meaning that
the body is O2 deprived, which would mean that
hemoglobin would deliver O2 to tissues more.
Only B makes sense.
Health Science Answers: 4
1.
2.
3.
4.
Disc Herniation
See picture
Pain, numbness,
tingling, weakness in
feet, bowel/ bladder
irregularities, inability to
straighten back, etc.
Running/jumping/lifting
heavy things/etc
Health Science Answers: 5
1.
2.
Hip – ball and socket, wrist – ellipsoid, elbow –
hinge, Carpals/metacarpals – saddle.
If the elbow were a ball and socket and the hip a
hinge, we would only be able to move our legs
straight forward and backward – there would be
little ability to pivot or turn around/change direction
easily when walking or running. On the other hand,
our elbows would be able to move in just about any
direction; we could bend our arms backwards and
swing them in a circle from the elbow.
Health Science Passage Analysis
Answers
1.
2.
3.
4.
C,D
A,D
B,C
A,D
Questions?