Transcript PowerPoint to accompany

Hole’s Human
Anatomy and Physiology
Chapter 5
Shier w Butler w Lewis
Tissues
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
5-1
Chapter 5
Tissues
Four major tissue types
1.
2.
3.
4.
___________
___________
Muscle
___________
5-2
Epithelial Tissues
General characteristics • _____________ and the body
• line body cavities
• ___________ organs
• have a free surface
• have a ___________________
• ____________
• cells __________________
• cells ___________________
• cells often have _______________
• function in _________, secretion, absorption, and excretion
• classified according to cell shape and number of cell layers
5-3
Epithelial Tissues
Simple squamous –
• _____________________
• substances pass easily through
• line _________
• line __________ vessels
• line lymphatic vessels
Simple cuboidal –
• single layer of cube-shaped
cells
• line _______________
• cover ________
• line ducts of some glands
5-4
Epithelial Tissues
Simple columnar –
• single layer of __________ cells
• sometimes possess _____
• sometimes possess __________
• often have goblet cells
• line uterus, _________, intestines
Pseudostratified columnar –
• single layer of elongated cells
• appear striated
• often have cilia
• often have __________
• line ____________ passageways
5-5
Epithelial Tissues
Stratified squamous –
• many cell layers
• top cells are ______
• can accumulate _______
• _________________
• line oral cavity, throat, vagina,
and anal canal
Stratified cuboidal –
• ___________
• cube-shaped cells
• line ducts of ________ glands,
sweat glands, salivary glands,
and the _________
5-6
Epithelial Tissues
Stratified columnar –
• top layer of elongated cells
• ____________ cells in deeper
layers
• line __________, male
urethra, and part of _________
Transitional –
• many cell layers
• _________ and elongated
cells
• line _______________,
ureters, and part of urethra
5-7
Glandular Epithelium
Composed of cells that are specialized to produce and secrete
substances
___________ glands are ductless
Exocrine glands have ______
_____________ exocrine gland
• composed of ________
• goblet cell
______________ exocrine gland
• composed of many cells
• sweat glands, salivary glands, etc.
5-8
Structural Types of
Exocrine Glands
5-9
Types of Glandular Secretions
Merocrine glands
• fluid product
• _________ glands
• _________
• sweat glands
Apocrine glands
• cellular product
• portions of cells
• mammary glands
• _____________ glands
Holocrine glands
• secretory products
• __________
• sebaceous glands
5-10
Connective Tissues
General characteristics • most abundant tissue type
• many functions
• bind structures
• provide ______________________
• serve as frameworks
• fill spaces
• ___________
• produce __________
• protect against __________
• help repair tissue damage
• have a matrix
• have varying degrees of vascularity
• have cells that usually divide
5-11
Connective Tissue
Major Cell Types
Fibroblasts
• fixed cell
• _____________ cell
• large, star-shaped
• produce ________
Macrophages
• wandering cell
• ___________
• important in defense
Mast cells
• fixed cell
• release ________
• release __________
5-12
Connective Tissue Fibers
Collagenous fibers
• thick
• composed of collagen
• great __________strength
• abundant in dense CT
• hold structures together
• _______, ___________
Reticular fibers
• very thin collagenous fibers
• highly branched
• form supportive networks
Elastic fibers
• bundles of
microfibrils embedded
in elastin
• fibers branch
• ________
• __________, air
passages
5-13
Connective Tissues
Connective tissue proper
• loose connective tissue
• ______________
• reticular connective tissue
• _________ connective tissue
• ________ connective tissue
Specialized connective tissue
• _________
• ________
• _______
5-14
Connective Tissues
Loose connective tissue
• mainly _____________
• fluid to gel-like matrix
• collagenous fibers
• _____________
• bind skin to structures
• beneath most epithelia
• between _________
Adipose tissue
• __________
• cushions
• insulates
• ____________
• beneath skin
• _____________
• around _________ and ______
5-15
Connective Tissues
Reticular connective tissue
• composed of reticular fibers
• supports
• walls of _______, ______,
lymphatic organs
Dense connective tissue
• packed collagenous fibers
• _____________
• few fibroblasts
• bind body parts together
• ________, ligaments, dermis
• poor blood supply
5-16
Connective Tissues
Elastic connective tissue
Bone
• abundant in elastic fibers
• some collagenous fibers
• ____________
• attachments between _________
• walls of large arteries, ________, ______
• solid matrix
• __________
• ____________
• forms blood cells
• attachment for muscles
• skeleton
• __________ in _______
5-17
Connective Tissues
Hyaline cartilage
Cartilage
• rigid matrix
• chondrocytes in lacunae
• __________________
• three types
• _________
• ________
• fibrocartilage
• most abundant
• ends of ________
• _____, respiratory passages
• __________________
Elastic cartilage
• flexible
• ____________, ________
Fibrocartilage
• very tough
• _____________
• ____________________
• pads of knee and pelvic girdle
5-18
Connective Tissues
Three types of cartilage
5-19
Connective Tissues
Blood
• fluid matrix called ______
• _____ blood cells
• ______ blood cells
• platelets
• __________
• ________
• clotting
• throughout body in blood
vessels
• heart
5-20
Muscle Tissues
Skeletal muscle
General characteristics
• muscle cells called
muscle fibers
• contractile
• three types
• ________
• ________
• ________
• attached to bones
• ________
• __________
Smooth muscle
• walls of organs
• skin
• _____________________
• involuntary
• _____________
Cardiac muscle
• heart wall
• ____________
• ________
• intercalated discs
5-21
Muscle Tissues
5-22
Nervous Tissues
• found in brain, spinal cord, and
___________________
• basic cells are neurons
• __________ cells are supporting
cells
• __________ reception
• conduction of nerve impulses
5-23
Types of Epithelial Membranes
Serous
• line body cavities
that _____ openings
to outside
• ____________
• inner lining of
thorax and abdomen
• cover organs of
thorax and abdomen
• secrete serous fluid
Mucous
• line tubes and organs
that ____ to outside world
• lining of ______, nose,
throat, etc.
• secrete mucus
Cutaneous
• __________
• skin
5-24
Clinical Application
Collagen Disorders
Chondrodysplasia
• collagen chains too wide
• stunted growth
• _________________
Dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa
• breakdown of collagen that attaches
skin layers
• _____________ skin
• lax joints
Hereditary osteoarthritis
• change in amino acid in
collagen
• painful joints
5-25