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Mosquito Borne Diseases
Symptoms, Prevention and Treatment
Certain preventive measures to stay away
from the mosquito bites
When outdoor use mosquito repellent, but do not spray on the
covered area or under the cloth and read the label instruction
properly before using the repellent.
Wear protective clothes such as long pants or trousers, socks and a
full sleeved shirt that covers all the body.
If you want to take short sleep or prolong sleep four hours use
mosquito nets in the daytime as well as in the night.
Take all of the above precautions to protect from mosquito bites if
you are travelling to the disease affected place or area.
If possible, avoid outdoor activities during the time of epidemic.
Make your home mosquito proof by installing or using screened doors
and windows or keep doors and windows closed if they are without
screens.
Clean, cover or empty the water filled things or areas or standing water
around your home, pots, cooler, buckets, tanks, drums, used tyres,
gutters, pooled water, toilets etc. on a regular basis because these can
be the possible mosquito breeding sites and don’t forget to throw out
unnecessary items that hold water.
Give special care and attention to the sick, elderly and children as they
may be unable to look after themselves properly.
Support government efforts to get rid of mosquitoes and contact them
for the fumigation in your locality if there is no such type of activity has
been done previously.
Dengue – Symptoms and Treatment
Be sure to take special precaution during early morning to daybreak and late
afternoon to till evening time because Aedes mosquitoes usually bite during the
day. The leading symptoms of dengue are: Headache, pain behind the eyes,
muscle or bone or joint pain, skin rashes, nausea, vomiting, low platelet count,
low blood pressure, mild bleeding (nose or gum bleeds), small red or purple
spots on the skin or easy bruising, pale and cold skin, difficulty breathing,
drowsiness and abdominal pain.
Fever may decline after 3 or 7 days and you may feel like you are recovering
from the dengue fever, but the patient may suddenly develop severe symptoms
listed above (low platelet count, low B.P, mild bleeding, pale and cold skin and
abdominal pain) these could be symptoms of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF)
which often result in death.
Treatment – Dengue vaccine is under the process of development and there is
no specific medication for treatment of infection. Get rest, drink plenty of fluids to
prevent dehydration and consult a physician.
Zika – Symptoms and Treatment
Zika is another recent mosquito borne illness spread by the Aedes
species that is active mostly during the daytime. The symptoms are
similar to dengue, and include fever, skin rashes, conjunctivitis, muscle
and joint pain, malaise and headache.
These symptoms are mostly mild in nature and do not last for the long
time. Zika virus causes brief flu like illness, but the virus can cause birth
defects, including abnormally small head (microcephaly) and other
neurological complications to the fetus.
Treatment – There is currently no vaccine available and Zika virus
disease requires no specific treatment. People infected with this virus
should take rest and hydrate well. If symptoms worsen, seek medical
care and advice.
Filariasis – Symptoms and Treatment
Filariasis or elephantiasis is the serious disease that is passed to people
through the bites of mosquitoes. The mosquitoes that carry microscopic
roundworms mostly bite between the time of dusk or dawn.
This disease may cause serious symptoms like abnormal enlarged body
parts (e.g. legs like an elephant), pain, disability, altered lymphatic
system, swelling, inflammation of lymph nodes and recurrent fever with
chills and the lots of social stigma too.
Treatment – No vaccine is available and the treatment includes
medication to stop the young roundworms, exercise to improve lymph
flow, bed rest and treating the swelling and pain. Sometimes antibiotic,
hospitalization and surgery is needed against severe infection.
Chikungunya – Symptoms and Treatment
The mosquitoes that carry the Chikungunya virus, bites most of the
time during the day and the infected person can develop some
symptoms such as high fever, joint or muscle pain, Joint swelling,
extreme weakness, headache and rashes.
Treatment – There is no vaccine exist to prevent or treat
Chikungunya. Fever and pain can be treated only with common
medicines and there is no effective antiviral treatment as well, take
plenty of rest and drink enough fluids to prevent dehydration.
Chikungunya is rarely fatal it runs for the limited time and a patient
may recover within a week, but the symptoms can be disabling and
severe, even the joint pain may persist for a long time or months.
Yellow Fever – Symptoms and Treatment
Yellow fever is another acute viral infection spread by infected
mosquito bite. It can damage the internal organs, especially liver and
can be potentially fatal. It shows very mild symptoms such as
headache, sudden fever, backache, nausea and vomiting, but the
symptoms may get worse if not treated well, that include jaundice,
shock, organ failure and bleeding.
Treatment – Safe and affordable yellow fever vaccine are available
and the treatment is just a common medication to reduce pain and
fever along with proper rest and enough fluid intake.
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