Transcript Anatomy-Muscular System

Anatomy-Muscular
System
Skeletal Muscle
Characteristics &
Function
Introduction
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How many skeletal
muscles can you
identify?
What is a concentric
contraction?
Eccentric contraction?
Isometric contraction?
Objectives
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Students will be able to:
 Identify skeletal muscles, their attachments &
action
Terminology
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Dorsiflexion
 Upward
the foot
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bending of
Pulling toes up
Terminology
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Plantar Flexion
 Downward
bending of the foot
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Pointing toes
Dancers primarily
plantarflex
Terminology
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Protraction
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Anteriorly rounded
shoulders
Retraction
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Squeeze scapula's
together
Terminology
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Adduction
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Add back to the body
Abduction
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Away from the
body/midline
Terminology
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Flexion
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Decreasing the angle
of the joint; to bend
Extension
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Increasing the angle
of the joint; to
straighten
Terminology
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Inversion
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Toes moving inward
Eversion
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Toes moving outward
Face
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Masseter
Origin
 Zygomatic arch
Insertion
 Mandible
Action
Closes the jaw
 Raises the mandible
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Masseter
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The Chewing
Muscle!
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How would we
CONTRACT this
muscle?
Neck Muscle
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Sternocleidomastoid
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Sterno – Sternum
Cleido – Clavicle
Mastoid – Mastoid Process
Origin
 Sternum (near manubrium)
 Clavicle (medial end)
Insertion
 Mastoid Process
Sternocleidomastoid
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Action
1. Bilaterally, Flex Cervical
2. Unilaterally, rotation to
opposite side
Abdominals
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Rectus Abdominis
Origin
 Pubis
Insertion
 Xiphoid process
 Costal cartilage (5-7)
Rectus Abdominus
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Action
 Compresses/stabilizes abdominal
cavity
 Flexion of trunk
Upper Extremity Muscles
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Trapezius
Origin
 Occipital
 Spinous process C7-T12
Insertion
 Lateral clavicle
 Scapular spine
Trapezius
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Action
 Elevation
 Depression
 Retraction
 Stabilizes scapula
Shrugs
Upright Row
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What exercises could
someone do to work
their traps?
Scap Retraction with bands
Upper Extremity
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Latissimus Dorsi
Origin
 Spinous process T6-S5
 Iliac crest
Insertion
 Medial humerus
Latissimus Dorsi
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Action
 Extension @ shoulder
 Adduction of humerus
Upper Extremity
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Pectoralis Major
Origin
 Medial clavicle
 Sternum
 Costal cartilage (1-6)
Insertion
 Proximal Humerus
Pectoralis Major
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Action
 Flexion
 Adduction of humerus
Upper Extremity
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Deltoid - Anterior
Origin
 Lateral clavicle
Insertion
 Deltoid tuberosity of
humerus
Anterior Deltoid
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Action
 Flexion
 Horizontal adduction of humerus
Upper Extremity
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Deltoid - Middle
Origin
 Acromion process
Insertion
 Deltoid tuberosity of
humerus
Middle Deltoid
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Action
 Abduction of humerus to
90 degrees
Upper Extremity
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Deltoid - Posterior
Origin
 Scapular spine
Insertion
 Deltoid tuberosity of
humerus
Posterior Deltoid
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Action
 Extension
 Horizontal abduction of humerus
Flash Card Time!
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Make Flash Cards for the
following:
Masseter
Sternocleidomastoid
Rectus Abdominus
Trapezius
Latissimus Dorsi
Pectoralis Major
Deltoid
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Anterior
Middle
Posterior
On one side: Name
On opposite side: Origin, Insertion & Action
Muscles of the Shoulder
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The muscles of the shoulder run from the
scapula to the humerus/forearm
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What anatomical movements can the shoulder
perform?
What muscle groups do you know?
Rotator Cuff Muscles
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4 Muscles make up the Rotator
Cuff:
 Supraspinatus
 Infraspinatus
 Teres Minor
 Subscapularis
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They originate on the
scapula & insert on the
humeral head
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They hold the head of
the humerus IN the
Glenoid Fossa of the
Scapula.
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Keep shoulder in socket.
Supraspinatus
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Origin:
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Insertion
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Supraspinous Fossa of Scapula
Greater Tubercle of Humerus
Action
Abduction of humerus
 Stabilize head of humerus
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Supraspinatus in Action!
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Laying a ball up in
basketball
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Jumping Jack
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Abduction of
shoulder
Infraspinatus
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Origin
 Infraspinous fossa of scapula
Insertion
 Greater tubercle of humerus
Action
 Lateral rotation of humerus
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Or External Rotation
Stabilize head of humerus
What view is this picture?
Infraspinatus in Action!
Teres Minor
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Origin
 Lateral boarder of scapula
Insertion
 Greater tubercle of humerus
Action
 Lateral rotation of humerus
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External Rotation
Stabilize head of humerus
Teres Minor in Action!
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Much like the
Infraspinatus…working
on lateral rotation
exercises enhances this
muscle
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What other sports
would need to
strengthen their teres
minor?
Subscapularis
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Origin
 Subscapular fossa of scapula
Insertion
 Lesser tubercle of humerus
Action
 Medial rotation of humerus
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Internal rotation
Stabilize head of humerus
Actions of Rotator Cuff
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Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres minor
Subscapularis
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Abduction
External Rotation
External rotation
Internal Rotation
Biceps Brachii
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Origin
 Short Head-coracoid process
 Long Head-supraglenoid
tubercle of scapula
Insertion
 Radial tuberosity
Action
 Flexion of elbow
Biceps in Action
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Discuss:
Eccentrically Contract
 Concentrically
Contract
 Isometrically Contract
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Triceps Brachii
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Origin
 Long Head
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Lateral Head
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Posterior humerus
Medial Head
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Infraglenoid tubercle of scapula
Posterior humerus
Insertion
 Olecranon process of ulna
Action
 Extension of elbow
Triceps In Action!
Skeletal Muscle
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On one side: Name
Make Flash Cards for the
following:
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres Minor
Subscapularis
Biceps Brachii
Triceps Brachii
On opposite side: Origin, Insertion & Action
Muscles of the Thigh
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The muscles of the thigh run from the hip to the
knee
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What movements can the hip and knee joint
perform?
What muscles/muscle group do you know?
Gluteus Maximus
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Origin
 Posterior sacrum & ilium
Insertion
 Gluteal tuberosity of femur
Action
 Extension of femur/hip
 External Rotation of hip
Glute Strength
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Squats are known to
help build glute
strength…
What other exercises
would concentrically
contract this muscle?
Hamstrings
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Biceps Femoris
Origin
 Long head-ischial tuberosity
 Short head-posterior femur
Insertion
 Head of fibula
Action
 Extension of hip
 Flexion of the knee
Hamstrings
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Semitendinosus
Origin
 Ischial tuberosity
Insertion
 Anterior tibia
Action
 Extension of hip
 Flexion of the knee
Hamstrings
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Semimembranosus
Origin
 Ischial tuberosity
Insertion
 Posterior medial tibia
Action
 Extension of hip
 Flexion of the knee
Hamstrings
O: Ischial
tuberosity
I: Fibula
& Tibia
A: Flex knee
Extend hip
Biceps Femoris
Semimembranosus
Semitendinosus
Hamstrings
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Biceps Femoris
Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus
Quadriceps
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Rectus Femoris
Origin
 Anterior inferior iliac spine
(AIIS)
Insertion
 Tibial tuberosity
Action
 Extension of the knee
 Hip flexion
Quadriceps
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Vastus Lateralis
Origin
 Femur
Insertion
 Tibial tuberosity
Action
 Extension of the knee
Quadriceps
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Vastus Medialis
Origin
 Femur
Insertion
 Tibial tuberosity
Action
 Extension of the knee
Quadriceps
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Vastus Intermedius
Origin
 Anterior femur
Insertion
 Tibial tuberosity
Action
 Extension of the knee
Lower Extremity
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Rectus Femoris
Vastus Lateralis
Vastus Medialis
Vastus Intermedius
Skeletal Muscle
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Make Flash Cards for the
following:
Gluteus Maximus
Hamstrings
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Quads
Rectus Femoris
 Vastus Lateralis
 Vastus Medialis
 Vastus Intermedialis
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On one side: Name
Biceps Femoris
Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus
Final Chapter!
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This last group of
muscles is the end of
this muscle segment.
So far we have
identified:
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Face and Neck
Shoulders and Back
Abs and Glutes
Hamstrings and Quads
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Today will be the
muscles of the low leg
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What is one muscle
group that you already
know?
Calf Muscles
 Why do you think they
call them the calves?
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I have no idea!!
Lower Extremity
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Tibialis Anterior
Origin
 Lateral condyle of tibia
Insertion
 Plantar surface of 1st metatarsal
Action
 Dorsiflexion
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Recall….what does this mean?
Inversion of ankle
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Recall….what does this mean?
Dorsiflexion
&
Inversion
Pointing toes out:
EVERSION
Pulling toes up:
DORSIFLEXION
Pointing toes down:
Plantarflexion
Pointing toes in:
Inversion
Lower Extremity
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Peroneus Longus
Origin
 Proximal fibula
Insertion
 Plantar surface of 1st
metatarsal
Action
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Eversion of ankle
Lower Extremity
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Peroneus Brevis
Origin
 Distal fibula
Insertion
 Base of 5th metatarsal
Action
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Eversion of ankle
Eversion Exercises
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A commonly used
rehab tool are
resistance bands
Eversion exercises
strengthen the
Peroneus Longus and
Peroneus Brevis
Lower Extremity
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Soleus
Origin
 Upper tibia
 Posterior fibula
Insertion
 Calcaneus (Heel Bone)
Action
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Plantarflexion of ankle
Lower Extremity
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Gastrocnemius
Origin
 Medial head-medial
epicondyle of femur
 Lateral head-lateral
epicondyle of femur
Insertion
 Calcaneus (Heel Bone)
Action
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Plantarflexion of ankle
This muscle is SUPERFICIAL
to the Soleus
Gastrocnemius vs. Soleus
To isolate the GASTROC
To isolate the SOLEUS
Skeletal Muscle
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Make Flash Cards for the
following:
Tibialis Anterior
Peroneus Longus
Peroneus Brevis
Soleus
Gastrocnemius
On one side: Name
On opposite side: Origin, Insertion & Action
Skeletal Muscle
List of muscles learned
Name
Origin, Insertion & Action
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Masseter
Sternocleidomastoid
Rectus Abdominus
Trapezius
Latissimus Dorsi
Pectoralis Major
Deltoid
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Anterior
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Middle
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Posterior
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres Minor
Subscapularis
Biceps Brachii
Triceps Brachii
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Tibialis Anterior
Peroneus Longus
Peroneus Brevis
Soleus
Gastrocnemius
Gluteus Maximus
Hamstrings
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Biceps Femoris
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Semitendinosus
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Semimembranosus
Quads
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Rectus Femoris
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Vastus Lateralis
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Vastus Medialis
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Vastus Intermedialis
Skeletal Muscle