Transcript Slide 1 - El Camino College

The Skeletal System
Chapter 2
Imaging Consideration
Diagnostic images include soft
tissue and bony structure of
interest.
 Soft tissue areas often hold clues
to the diagnosis. Any signs of
muscle wasting, soft tissue swelling,
calcifications, opaque foreign
bodies, or the presence of gas may
indicate disease.

MRI
Magnetic Resonance Imaging


Provides soft tissue detail because
of its superior contrast resolution.
Exams: staging of soft tissue
tumors of the extremities, joints,
bone marrow imaging… just to name
a few
CT
Computed Tomography


Better contrast resolution than
radiography.
Exams: trauma, extend of
fractures, dislocation, joint
abnormalities, excellent ability to
display bony margins and trabecular
patterns.
NM
Nuclear Medicine

Demonstrates metabolic function

Exam: bone scan

Allows the metabolic function of the
entire skeletal system to be
evaluated at one time.
Demonstrates the metabolic
processes of the bone caused by
disease processes.
DEXA
Bone Mineral Densitometry


Double-energy x-ray
absorbtiometry
Evaluate the bone density by
evaluating the bone mass of the
distal radius, femoral neck, and
lumbar spine
Congenital and
Hereditary Diseases
Osteogenesis
Imperfecta
Osteogenesis
Imperfecta
Achondroplasia
• Most common
inherited disorder
affecting the skeletal
system
• Results in deformity
and dwarfism
• Cartilage in the
epiphyses does not
convert to bone
normally
Congenital
Achondroplasia
Achondroplasia
Osteopetrosis
• Increased exposure
factors are required
• Some cases,
adequate penetration
may never be
achieved
Infant
Osteopetrosis
Malformations
Syndactyly
Polydactyly
Clubfoot (talipes)
Congenital hip dislocation
Congenital
scoliosis
Scoliosis & Rotoscoliosis
bilateral lumbar ribs
spina bifida occulta
fetus with
anencephaly
Inflammatory
Disease
Chronic
osteomyelitis
rheumatoid arthritis
“swan sign”
rheumatoid
arthritis
R.A.
Arthritis –joint inflammation
Arthritis
Cystic
Arthritis
Arthritic Dislocation - Patella
ankylosing
spondylitis
Ankylosing
Spondylitis
osteoarthritis
chronic bursitis
calcium
deposits
gout
gout
Metabolic Disease
osteopenia
steroid use
osteopenia
• A radiographically
visible decrease in
bone density
• Bone loss must be at
least 30% to
radiographically
demonstrate
Ostopenia
Rickets or
Osteomalacia
Paget’s disease
Paget’s disease
Paget’s disease
Arachnodactilia
from Acromegaly
Marfans Syndrome
Bone Spur
spondylolisthesis
spondylolisthesis
spondylolisthesis
Neoplastic Disease
Bone
Cyst
Bone Cyst
simple
bone cyst
FX ?
Ostocondroma
Ostocondroma
Osteosarcoma
metastatic disease
Dislocation
Dislocation
Dislocation
of the Patella
osteosarcoma
osteosarcoma
Trauma & other
stuff
Dislocation
Dislocation
Dislocation
Fat Pad
Sign
Fracture?
Diabetic
Changes
Avascular Necrosis
Avascular Necrosis
Free air from puncture wound
Calcified
Bakers Cyst
Calcified
Bakers Cyst
Syphilis