Transcript eye fatigue
ERGONOMICS PROBLEMS IN THE WORKPLACE LEGAL REQUIREMENTS Occupational Safety & Health Act 1994 Safety & Health Policy Safety & Health Committees First Aid Accident Reporting Safety & Health Training Ergonomic ERGO (work and effort) + NOMOS (law or surroundings)= Law of work the science on how to fit a system to a person using scientific approach Fitting the task and working environment to the workers OSHA 1994 Third objective of the Act ‘Work environment that is adapted to the physiological and psychological needs of the worker’ The Need for Ergonomic To maintain and maximize productivity and competitiveness Ever efficient workplace (simple to human workers) Achievable Quality (within the human physical and mental capacity) Safety ( to minimize unsafe acts) Health (to minimize acute and chronic injuries) MUSCULOSKELETAL DISEASE DISABILITY Disorders, Injury, Diseases PRONOUNCED SYMPTOMS Soreness, Aches & Pains -Affecting Performance MINOR SYMPTOMS Occ. movement problem, Minor aches,Fatigue, Discomfort -Considered ‘Normal’ Ergonomic Risk Factors Force amount of force required to perform task Frequency repetition of similar actions without rest Awkward position other parts of the body are tense not due to work but maintaining posture Static position Lack of recovery same position held for extended periods without movement when cumulative fatigue exist Contact stress soft tissues pressed against a hard object OFFICE ENVIRONMENT & HEALTH 4219/MRP Temperature Lighting Humidity Color Ventilation Office Floor Space Contaminated Air Welfare Facilities Smoking Cleanliness Ozone/Photocopiers Sick Building Syndrome SAFETY IN THE OFFICE Office Accidents Emergencies Manual Handling Stress Work Equipment Transport Chemical Computer Work Station •‘Typing Injuries’ •Eye Strain •Back Pain •Psychological Stress KEYBOARD EQUIPMENT Using a Mouse Workstation Checklist for Keyboard Workers Workstation Dimensions Lighting for VDUs Glare & Reflection Keyboard Equipment and Radiation Keyboard and Telephone Operations TYPING POSITION WRONG CORRECT Neutral Posture REST BREAKS & EXERCISE Rest Breaks & Keyboard Work Eye Strain Muscle Care & Preparation Exercises for Rest Breaks EXERCISE -reduce muscle fatigue -improve circulation Visual Discomfort ICT era- widespread use of computer/video display terminals (VDT) Commonplace: office work, engineering, architecture---- personal use Importance of visual comfort: enhance job performance & productivity Eye Muscles Common Eye Symptoms Occurs when the visual demands of the task exceed the visual abilities Blurred vision Double vision Eye strain Headache Red/sore eyes Causes of Visual Discomfort High visual demand Sustain, close-screen work: visual fatigue Less short breaks Non ergonomic work station Ambient lighting, VDT brightness/contrast, glare • Refractive errors (uncorrected) Radiation? Non conclusive ‘EYE FATIGUE’ Ergonomic Work Station VDT monitor and screen: brightness, contrast, text size Glare prevention Good lighting Good Work Practice Maintain correct working distance- physiological resting accommodations and vergence Regular blinking of the eyes- minimize excessive tear evaporation Take frequent and regular short breaks- enough time for eye muscle to recover (STOP, LOOK AWAY & BLINK) Adopt good work posture Reference materials placed close to the screen Choose proper spectacles or lenses Back Pain and Manual Handling Manual handling- strength and power to lift up/down, push, pull, carry, transfer or hold objects it increases risk of back pain heavy load non neutral position (bending, twisting) increase stress to the back physical load- acute and chronic effect to back pain Participatory Ergonomic Approach Joint employee-employer involvement in planning and executing ergonomic activities Task specific- small group Based at each worksite Both sides should maintain periodic communication