Transcript Subcutaneous Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator (S-ICD)

Haptic Robots to Promote
Neurorehabilitation
Tanner Barnes
BME 281
Stroke:
• A stroke is the sudden death of brain cells in a
localized area due to inadequate blood flow
• 7 million people in the United States have
survived a stroke
• Only 10% recover completely
• 40% suffer moderate to severe impairments
and require special therapy
strokes suffer moderate to severe impairments requiring
special care. In addition, the CDC reports that 1 in 303
children in the United States are born with cerebral palsy
(CP), with one third of these children experiencing
hemiplegia. Both of these conditions have a high probability
Cerebral Palsy
(CP) is a disorder of movement,
of leaving the patient with upper extremity impairments. It is
that the
combination
complex 3-D virtual
muscle tonehypothesized
or posture
that
affectsofthe
reality programs and advanced robotics can assist these
developing brain,
most often before birth.
patients by speeding up the neurorehabilitation.
II. METHODS
: are born
1 in 303 children in the United
States
Cerebral Palsy:
•
•
Studies conducted thus far involve the use of a robotic
device that is capable of both manipulating virtual objects and
haptic
One third ofproviding
these
feedback to the user.
The second aspect of
children develop
this
rehabilitation
hemiplegia, method
whichis isa total
virtual
reality program
in
or partial paralysis
of half
which the user can
the body complete a variety
of tasks to improve joint and muscle function. Some of these
with CP
•
Problem:
• Hemiplegia is common in post stroke patients
as well as children with CP
• Upper extremity impairment is exhibited in all
patients with hemiplegia
• In some cases, upper extremity motor
function can be regained through physical
therapy or various other rehabilitation
methods
More than a dozen haptic interfaces are c
available today. Lately, a new high-perform
device has been developed by FCS Cont
(Fig. 1). It is called the HapticMaster, an
commercially available. In Japan it is
ForceMaster out of respect for Prof. Iwata,
device with a similar name earlier.
Haptic Master:
• Six degrees of freedom haptic interface
robot
• Allows the manipulation of virtual
objects and provides haptic
feedback to the user
• Capable of assisting user in desired
movements if they are unable to
make them independently
Fig. 1 The HapticMaster, a new haptic de
FCS Control Systems and now commercially
Results in Stroke Patients:
• After 8-9 therapy sessions over the course of 3 weeks
Results in Children with CP:
• After training one hour a day, three times a week
Advantages:
•
•
•
•
More enjoyable therapy for children
Assistive technology
Ability to track progress
Varying difficulties
Disadvantages:
• Small group of patients eligible, must have
certain range of joint movement and motor
function
• Cost- upwards of $200,000 for system
• Not proven to be superior to conventional
therapy techniques
Conclusion:
• There has not been a large enough study completed
to prove or disprove this method of therapy
• In feasibility testing, haptic robot therapy appears
to be comparable to conventional therapy
• The technology is available for a larger scale study
which will provide more conclusive data
• Future studies will determining effectiveness with
neurorehabilitation in the upper extremities
References
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•
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Adamovich, Sergei. "The New Jersey Institute of Technology Robot-Assisted Virtual
Rehabilitation (NJIT-RAVR) system for children with cerebral palsy: a feasibility study." Journal
of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation. 6.40 (2009): n. page. Web. 17 Nov. 2013.
Adamovich, Sergei. "Incorporating haptic effects into three- dimensional virtual environments
to train the hemiparetic upper extremity." IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng.. (Oct.1 2010):
n. page. Web. 17 Nov. 2013.
"Price List." Engineering Systems Technologies. Engineering Systems Technologies, 18 Sep
2013. Web. 17 Nov 2013. <http://www.est-kl.com/fileadmin/media/pdf/EST/est-kl-pl.pdf>.
http://www.cyberglovesystems.com/products/cyberforce
http://www.stroke.org/site/PageServer?pagename=REHABT
http://www.cdc.gov/features/cerebralpalsy/
http://www.merriam-webster.com/medical/hemiplegia
http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/stroke
http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/cerebral-palsy/DS00302