Transcript Persons with Disabilities

Persons with Disabilities
Physical and Medical
Disabilities
Physical/Medical Disabilities


Genetic
Congenital




At birth or soon after birth
May or may not be genetic
Disease
Acquired

Injury/accidents
Hidden/Invisible Disabilities








Asthma
Diabetes
Kidney diseases
Hemophilia
Epilepsy
Sickle cell anemia
Cardiac problems
Cystic fibrosis
Physical and Medical
Disabilities

Types:




Mobility Impairments
Visual Impairments
Hearing Impairments
Medical/Systemic Impairments
Mobility Impairments



Physical limitations
Stamina limitations
Endurance limitations
Mobility Impairments






Amputation
Arthritis
Cerebral palsy
Neuromuscular/Neurological disorders
Acquired/Traumatic Brain Injury
Spinal Cord Injury
Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis

Chronic arthritis of unknown causes





Autoimmune disease
Infancy-older child
Joints swell, bone growth changes
Pain, tenderness
Internal problems
Cerebral Palsy

Disorder of movement



Muscle weakness/Muscle spasms
Balance and coordination (ataxia)
Damage to the motor control areas of the brain

Injury before, during or after birth





Oxygen deprivation (near drowning, cardiac arrest)
Head injury/Being shaken
RH incompatibility
Prematurity
Disease of the mother:






Rubella
Meningitis
Shingles
Toxoplasmosis
Diabetes
Toxemia
Neuromuscular and
Neurological Disabilities

Damage to the nervous systems





Brain and spine injury
Heart attacks
Serious infections
Lack of oxygen to the brain
Loss of physical and/or mental functions





Movement
Manipulation of objects
Expression of feelings
Thinking
Processing of information
Neuromuscular Disorders



Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Multiple sclerosis
Muscular dystrophy
Neuromuscular Disorders


Genetic
Immune system disorder
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis





Nerve cells in brain and spinal cord are
attacked.
Usually between ages 40-60.
Majority are male.
Can run in families.
Difficulties:



Walking/running
Writing
Speech problems
Multiple Sclerosis




Myelin sheath of nerve cells damaged.
Affects more women than men.
Begins ages 20-40.
Difficulties:





Visual disturbances
Muscle weakness
Difficulty with coordination and balance
Numbness
Thinking and memory problems.
Muscular Dystrophy


More than 30 inherited diseases.
Muscle weakness and loss.


Heart and diaphragm.
Appears from infancy to middle/old
age.
Spina Bifida


Genetic/Influenced by drugs/chemicals
Neural tube defect






Baby’s spinal cord does not develop
normally during pregnancy.
Partial or full paralysis of the legs
Difficulties with bowel or bladder control
Fluid in the brain
Bone and joint deformities
Curvature of the spine
Acquired/Traumatic Brain
Injury

Injury to the head or brain




50,000 people per year
College students are in a high risk category
Boys are twice as likely as girls to have
injuries to the brain or spinal cord.
Loss of abilities:





Cognitive/memory
Communicative
Motor
Psychosocial
Sensory
Acquired/Traumatic Brain
Injury




Need routine
Need step by step directions
Need repetition
Need reinforcement of learning
Spinal Cord Injury

Causes:

Motor vehicle accidents



Gunshot wounds
Sports injuries





Usually involving alcohol
Hockey, farm accidents, diving accidents
Late adolescence and young adulthood
Paralysis
Lack of sensation
Depends of the level of injury and how
complete the spine is severed.
Etiquette:
Persons in Wheelchairs





Wait until the person asks for
assistance.
Ask if the person wants your
assistance.
Do not lean on the chair.
Sit down to be at the person’s eye
level after a few minutes.
No patting on the head.
Visual Impairments


Disease, accidents, congenital
illnesses.
Legally blind:

See at 20 feet what a normal person
sees at 200 feet.
Visual Impairments






Explain verbally what you are doing
Be descriptive when using visual aids.
Tell when someone comes in or leaves
the room.
Ask if the person wants assistance.
Give copies of materials.
Do not pet guide dogs.
Hearing Impairments:
Communication Disability


Physical damage, at birth, disease
during pregnancy, exposure to very
loud noises, ear infections.
Needs visual clues.
Hearing Impairments







Good lighting and quiet location.
Do not talk while you are walking away.
Look and speak directly to the person.
Make sure the person can see your
face and lips no chewing).
Do not address the interpreter.
Identify your topic at the beginning.
May need to repeat or rephrase.
Medical/Systemic Impairments






Cancer
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
Diabetes
Epilepsy/Seizure Disorder
Lupus
Cystic Fibrosis
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Extreme fatigue not relieved by rest.









Memory impairment
Muscle pain
Joint pain
Headaches
Sore throat
Tender neck/armpit lymph nodes
Four times as many women than men.
People in 40s and 50s.
Sometimes seen in members of the same
family.
Epilepsy/Seizure Disorder




Brain cells do not work properly
Momentary loss of consciousness with
muscle twitching
Abrupt jerking of muscles
Sudden loss of consciousness and
muscle tone
Lupus


Chronic inflammatory disease usually
involving the skin, joints, blood and kidneys.
Environmental and genetic causes.



Can occur in either gender and at any age.


Infections, antibiotics (sulfa/penicillin family).
Ultraviolet light, extreme stress, hormones.
Occurs 10-15 times more in adult females.
People of African, American Indian and Asian
origin may develop the disease more
frequently.
Lupus

Symptoms with remissions and flare ups:











Achy and/or swelling joints
Fever
Fatigue
Skin rashes (butterfly on checks and nose)
Chest pain when breathing deep
Kidney involvement
Sun or light sensitivity
Hair loss
Seizures
Mouth or nose ulcers
Raynaud’s Syndrome

Fingers turning white or blue in the cold
Cystic Fibrosis

Genetic





Defective gene produces thick, sticky
mucus, sweat, saliva and digestive juices.
Northern Europeans are at more risk.
Lung and pancreas damage
Respiratory infections
Nutritional deficiencies
Possible Accommodations






Priority registration
Extended time for
exams
Distraction-reduced
environment
Consideration for
absences
Frequent breaks
Copy of professor’s
notes








Food/beverages in
class
Books on tape
Enlarged font
Use of a computer
Note-taker
Reader
Scribe
Moving classes to
accessible locations
Activity

How can we modify our labs to be
more accessible?