Transcript Exercise6A Muscular and Nervous tissues

The following types of muscle tissue and nervous tissue are
covered in this activity:
1. Skeletal muscle (muscles attached to the skeleton)
2. Smooth muscle (muscles lining hollow organs)
3. Cardiac muscle (heart)
4. Nervous tissue (nervous system)
Various membranes are also covered:
1. Cutaneous membranes
2. Mucous membranes
3. Serous membranes (parietal and visceral layers)
a. Peritoneum – abdominal organs
b. Pericardium – heart
c. Pleura – lungs
Figure 4.10a Muscle tissues.
(a) Skeletal muscle
Description: Long, cylindrical,
multinucleate cells; obvious
striations.
Striations
Function: Voluntary movement;
locomotion; manipulation of the
environment; facial expression;
voluntary control.
Location: In skeletal muscles
attached to bones or
occasionally to skin.
Nuclei
Part of
muscle
fiber (cell)
Photomicrograph: Skeletal muscle (approx. 460x).
Notice the obvious banding pattern and the
fact that these large cells are multinucleate.
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Figure 4.10b Muscle tissues.
(b) Cardiac muscle
Description: Branching,
striated, generally uninucleate
cells that interdigitate at
specialized junctions
(intercalated discs).
Striations
Intercalated
discs
Function: As it contracts, it
propels blood into the
circulation; involuntary control.
Location: The walls of the
heart.
Nucleus
Photomicrograph: Cardiac muscle (500X);
notice the striations, branching of cells, and
the intercalated discs.
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Figure 4.10c Muscle tissues.
(c) Smooth muscle
Description: Spindle-shaped
cells with central nuclei; no
striations; cells arranged
closely to form sheets.
Function: Propels substances
or objects (foodstuffs, urine,
a baby) along internal passageways; involuntary control.
Location: Mostly in the walls
of hollow organs.
Smooth
muscle
cell
Nuclei
Photomicrograph: Sheet of smooth muscle (200x).
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Figure 4.9 Nervous tissue.
Nervous tissue
Description: Neurons are
branching cells; cell processes
that may be quite long extend from
the nucleus-containing cell body;
also contributing to nervous tissue
are nonirritable supporting cells
(not illustrated).
Neuron processes
Axon
Nuclei of
supporting
cells
Cell body
Dendrites
Cell body
of a neuron
Function: Transmit electrical
signals from sensory receptors
and to effectors (muscles and
glands) which control their activity.
Neuron
processes
Location: Brain, spinal
cord, and nerves.
Photomicrograph: Neurons (350x)
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Figure 4.11 Classes of membranes.
Cutaneous membrane
Mucosa of nasal
cavity
(skin
Mucosa of mouth
Esophagus lining
(a) Cutaneous membrane (the
skin) covers the body surface.
Mucosa of lung
bronchi
(b) Mucous membranes line body
cavities open to the exterior.
Parietal pleura
Visceral pleura
Visceral pericardium
Parietal pericardium
(c) Serous membranes line body cavities
closed to the exterior.
Parietal
peritoneum
Visceral
peritoneum
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Figure 4.11a Classes of membranes.
Cutaneous
membrane
(skin)
(a) Cutaneous membrane (the skin)
covers the body surface
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 4.11b Classes of membranes.
Mucosa of
nasal cavity
Mucosa of
mouth
Esophagus
lining
Mucosa of
lung bronchi
(b) Mucous membranes line body cavities
open to the exterior
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 4.11c Classes of membranes.
Parietal
peritoneum
Visceral
peritoneum
Parietal
pleura
Visceral
pleura
Parietal
Visceral
pericardium pericardium
(c) Serous membranes line body cavities
closed to the exterior
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
What kind of tissue does this represent?
Skeletal muscle
Where in the body can you find this tissue?
muscles attached to the skeleton
What kind of tissue does this represent?
Smooth muscle
Where in the body can you find this tissue?
muscles lining hollow organs
What kind of tissue does this represent?
Cardiac muscle
Where in the body can you find this tissue?
heart
What kind of tissue does this represent?
Nervous tissue
Where in the body can you find this tissue?
nervous system
Figure 4.11a Classes of membranes.
Cutaneous
membrane
(skin)
Membrane covers the body surface
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 4.11b Classes of membranes.
Mucosa of
nasal cavity
Mucosa of
mouth
Esophagus
lining
Mucosa of
lung bronchi
Membranes line body cavities
open to the exterior
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 4.11c Classes of membranes.
Parietal
peritoneum
Visceral
peritoneum
Parietal
pleura
Visceral
pleura
Parietal
Visceral
pericardium pericardium
Membranes line body cavities
closed to the exterior
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.