Transcript Ch7 Powerpoint

CHAPTER 7
THE LOWER EXTREMITY:
HIP REGION
KINESIOLOGY
Scientific Basis of Human Motion, 12th edition
Hamilton, Weimar & Luttgens
Presentation Created by
TK Koesterer, Ph.D., ATC
Humboldt State University
Revised by Hamilton & Weimar
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
Copyright © 2012 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
OBJECTIVES
1. Name, locate, & describe the structure & ligamentous
reinforcements of the pelvic girdle and hip joints.
2. Name & demonstrate movements possible.
3. Name & locate muscles & muscle groups, and name
their primary actions.
4. Analyze the fundamental movements with respect to
joint & muscle actions.
5. Describe common athletic injuries.
7-2
THE PELVIC GIRDLE
STRUCTURE

Pelvic bones
 Illium
 Ischium
 Pubis

Sacrum
Fig 7.1
7-3
MOVEMENTS OF THE PELVIS
Fig 7.4
Neutral
Posterior
Tilt
Anterior
Tilt
7-4
MOVEMENTS OF THE PELVIS
Right
Lateral Tilt
Right
Rotation
Fig 7.5
7-5
MUSCLES OF THE PELVIS

Anterior tilt
 Hip

Posterior tilt
 Hip

flexors & lumbosacral spinal extensors.
extensors & lumbosacral spinal flexors.
Lateral Tilt to Right
 Left
lateral lumbosacral flexors, right hip
abductors, & left hip adductors.

Rotation to Right
 Left
lumbosacral rotators, left hip external
rotators, & right hip internal rotators.
7-6
RELATIONSHIP OF PELVIS TO TRUNK & LOWER
EXTREMITIES
Link between the trunk and lower
extremities.
 Must cooperate with motion, yet contribute
to stability.
 Primary movements of pelvis are initiated in
the pelvis itself.
 Secondary movements are associated with
motion of trunk or thighs.

7-7
PRIMARY MOVEMENTS OF PELVIS
Spinal Joints
Hyperextension
Anterior tilt
Slight flexion
Posterior tilt
Lateral tilt left Slight lateral
flexion right
Hip Joints
Slight flexion
Rotation left
R: Slight external
rotation
L: slight internal
rotation
Pelvis
Rotation right
* Don’t forget that rotation and lateral tilt
can also occur to the right!
Complete extension
R: Slight adduction
L: Slight abduction
7-8
SECONDARY MOVEMENTS OF PELVIS
Spine
Flexion
Hyperextension
Lateral flexion left
Rotation left
Pelvis
Posterior tilt
Anterior tilt
Lateral tilt left
Rotation left
7-9
THE HIP JOINT:
STRUCTURE





Ball-and-socket joint.
Articulation of spherical
head of femur with deep
cup-shaped acetabulum.
Head of femur covered with
hyaline cartilage, except
fovea capitis.
Femoral neck at 126°131° angle w/shaft.
Femoral neck has slight
anteversion.
Neckshaft
Angle
Femoral
neck
Fig 7.8
7-10
THE HIP JOINT:
STRUCTURE



Acetabulum is lined with
hyaline cartilage.
Acetabular labrum
(fibrocartilage) adds
depth to joint and
cushions femoral head.
Acetabular notch at
junction of three pelvic
bones.
Fig 7.9
7-11
LIGAMENTOUS REINFORCEMENTS

Transverse acetabular
ligament
A
strong flat band.
 Bridges acetabular
notch & completes
acetabular ring.
Fig 7.9
7-12
LIGAMENTOUS REINFORCEMENTS

Teres femoris
ligament
 Ties
head of femur to
lower part of
acetabulum.
 Provides
reinforcement from
within.
Fig 7.10
7-13
LIGAMENTOUS REINFORCEMENTS

Iliofemoral ligament
 Extraordinarily
strong
band.
 Checks extension &
rotation.

Pubofemoral ligament
 Prevents
excessive
abduction.
Fig 7.11
7-14
LIGAMENTOUS REINFORCEMENTS

Ischiofemoral
ligament
 Strong
triangular
ligament.
 Limits rotation &
adduction in the
flexed position.
Fig 7.12
7-15
MOVEMENTS OF THE FEMUR
AT THE HIP JOINT
Fig 7.13a&b
7-16
MOVEMENTS OF THE FEMUR
AT THE HIP JOINT
Fig 7.13c&d
7-17
MUSCLES OF THE HIP JOINT
Anterior
Posterior
Iliopsoas
Pectineus
Rectus femoris
Sartorius
Tensor fasciae latae
Biceps femoris
Semimembranosus
Semitendinosus
Gluteus maximus
Six deep outward
rotators
Hamstrings
7-18
MUSCLES OF THE HIP JOINT
Medial
Lateral
Adductor brevis
Adductor longus
Adductor magnus
Gracilis
Gluteus medius
Gluteus minimus
7-19
MUSCLES OF THE HIP JOINT
Iliopsoas
 Psoas minor &
major, & iliacus
Function:
 Strong hip flexor.
Pectineus
Function:
 Flexes femur at hip.
 Assists in adduction.
Fig 7.14
7-20
MUSCLES OF THE HIP JOINT
Rectus Femoris
Function:
 Flexes femur at hip.
 Assists adduction.
Sartorius
Fig 7.15
Function:
 Flexes femur at hip.
 Abducts & externally rotates.
Tensor Fasciae Latae
Function:
 Flexes & abducts femur.
 Tenses fascia latae.
7-21
MUSCLES OF THE HIP JOINT
Biceps Femoris
Semimembranosus
Semitendinosus
Function:
 Extend hip
Fig 7.16
7-22
MUSCLES OF THE HIP JOINT
Gluteus Maximus
Function:
 Powerful hip extensor against
resistance.
 Lower portion assists in
adduction.
 Upper portion abducts
against strong resistance.
Six Deep Outward Rotators
Function:
 External rotation.
Fig 7.19
7-23
MUSCLES OF THE HIP JOINT
Adductor brevis
Function:
 Adducts & aids in flexion.
Adductor Longus
Function:
 Adducts & flexes.
Fig 7.21
7-24
MUSCLES OF THE HIP JOINT
Adductor Magnus
Function:
 Adducts
 Extends hip.
 Lower portion assists internal
rotation.
Gracilis
Function:
 Adducts & flexes.
Fig 7.21
7-25
MUSCLES OF THE HIP JOINT
Gluteus Medius
Function:
 Abducts
 Anterior fibers
internally rotate.
Gluteus Minimus
Function:
⨯ Internal rotation &
abduction.
Fig 7.22
7-26
MUSCULAR ANALYSIS OF FUNDAMENTAL
MOVEMENTS OF THE THIGH AT THE HIP






Flexion: tensor fasciae latae, pectineus, iliopsoas,
rectus femoris, & sartorius.
Extension: Hamstring muscles.
Abduction: Gluteus medius & minimus.
Adduction: adductor longus is primary, adductor
magnus & brevis, and gracilis.
Lateral Rotation: Six deep outward rotators, biceps
femoris, and gluteus maximus.
Medial Rotation: gluteus medius & minimus.
7-27
COMMON INJURIES OF THE THIGH, HIP,
AND PELVIS
Contusions

Results from a direct blow.
 Pinches
muscle between bone and external
force.
Blow to Iliac crest - “hip pointer”.
 Myositis ossificans may result.

7-28
COMMON INJURIES OF THE THIGH, HIP,
AND PELVIS
Myositis Ossifican

Calcification following repeated traumas or
serious contusions.

Improper treatment of contusions.
Hamstring Strains


Muscular imbalance, fatigue, sudden change in
direction or speed.
Occurs at myotendinous junctions.
7-29
COMMON INJURIES OF THE THIGH, HIP,
AND PELVIS
Hip Fracture



Usually fractures of femoral neck.
Often caused by impact or falls.
Hip replacement often the only option.
7-30