Chapter 11 Assessment and Evaluation of Sports
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Transcript Chapter 11 Assessment and Evaluation of Sports
Chapter 11
Assessment and
Evaluation of Sports
Injuries
Objectives
Explain the difference between assessment,
evaluation, and diagnosis of an injury.
Describe the various factors that influence the
type and severity of athletic injuries.
Evaluate an athletic injury using the systematic
approach.
Explain the different methods and reasons for
documenting injuries
Assessment
Assessment: orderly collection of objective
and subjective data on the athlete’s health
status
Collect
medical history
Objective vs Subjective
Palpation
ROM
Special Tests
Diagnosis
Diagnosis: Using information from
assessment and physical examination
findings to establish the cause and nature
of the athlete’s injury or disease
Made only by physician or other licensed
health care provider
Must
remember to work in scope of practice
Influencing Factors
Anthropomorphic Data: size, weight, body
structure, gender, strength, and maturity
level
College
vs High School
Mechanism of Force: all forces involved at
the time of impact
Direction,
intensity, duration, position of body
Influencing Factors
Speed: influence type and severity of
injury
Greater
speed usually equals greater chance
of injury
Athletes should compete against athletes of
similar level
Influencing Factors
Protective Equipment: better equipment
has helped keep number of injuries down.
Make
sure equipment is worn properly
Skill Level: beginners are at a greater risk
for injury due to being unfamiliar with basic
techniques
Primary Injury Survey
Check for serious, life-threatening injuries
Activate EMS if needed
CAB’s
Circulation:
Check for pulse, coughing, movement
Airway: Open airway using head tilt/chin lift or jaw
thrust
Breathing: Listen, look and feel for signs of breathing
Head Tilt vs Jaw Thrust
Head tilt, chin-lift is
used to open airway
of an unconscious
person
Jaw thrust opens the
airway when a spinal
injury is suspected
Secondary Injury Survey
Secondary injury survey is a thorough,
methodical evaluation of an athlete’s overall
health to reveal additional injuries beyond the
initial injury
HOPS
History
Observation
Palpation
Special
Tests
History
What happened?
When did injury occur?
Did you hear a sound?
Where is the pain?
What type of pain? Pain Scale?
Neurological function?
Prior history?
Observation
What do you see?
Compare injured to uninjured side
Deformity?
Swelling?
Bleeding?
Bruising or ecchymoses?
Palpation
Palpation is the touching of the
injured athlete
Examine uninjured side first
Palpate firmly enough to produce pain if
present
Watch for facial expressions or wincing
Palpate one joint above and below injury
Special Tests
Active range of motion: athlete moves
body part through range
Passive ROM: examiner moves body part
through range
Strength: isometric and through ROM
Stability: ligament laxity tests
Special Tests
Activity
Functional activity: level of movement the
athlete can comfortably participate in
Run,
hop, sprint, cut, twist
Sport-specific activity: movements related
to a particular sport
Volleyball
spike
Basketball shot
Soccer kick
Return to Play
The athlete must exhibit 100% strength in the
injured area.
The athlete must be free from pain.
Skill performance tests must be taken to
determine the athlete’s ability to return to play.
The athlete must exhibit emotional readiness to
return to the chosen activity.
Soft Tissue Injury
Abrasions: occurs
when several layers
of skin are torn loose
Laceration: tear in the
skin
Stitches if more than
¼ inch deep and ½
inch long
Soft Tissue Injury
Avulsion: injury where
skin is torn off
Keep skin flap if
possible
Puncture: caused by
sharp, pointed objects
High risk of infection
Care of Soft Tissue Injuries
Clean wound
Make
sure it is free of dirt and debris
Apply antibiotic ointment
Help
prevent infection and keeps dressing
from sticking to wound
Apply bandages or non-adherent pad
Check for signs of infection
Signs of Infection
Swelling
Heat
Angry
Redness
Pus
Streaks
Injury to Muscle
Strain: caused by twisting or pulling a
muscle
Overuse
or acute
Signs and symptoms: pain, spasm, weakness
May feel deficit in severe strains
RICE
Rehab to increase flexibility and strength
Injury to Ligaments
Sprain: results from a fall, sudden twist, or
blow to the body that forces a joint out of
its normal position
S/S:
pain, swelling, bruising, loss of ROM
Severity is classified by grades
Grade I: Mild
Grade II: Moderate
Grade III: Severe
Tendonitis
Tendon: fibrous tissue that connects
muscle to bone
Tendonitis: inflammation of the tendon
Typically
worse after activity and at night
Caused by overuse
Treat with rest, ice, NSAIDs, ultrasound,
rehab
Bursitis
Bursa: located
throughout the body
to decrease friction
between two surfaces
Bursitis: inflammation
of a bursa
Joint
pain with
movement and at night
Contusions
Direct blow that does not break the skin
Usually includes ecchymosis or bruising
Myositis Ossificans
Documentation of Injuries
SOAP note
Subjective,
Objective, Assessment, Plan
Daily Injury Report
Communication
between coaches on status of
athletes
AT room treatment log
Athletes
receiving treatments should be
logged in