Transcript Health and Wellness

Health and Wellness
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Definitions and
Dimensions of Health
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Definitions of Health
Health is the “capacity to lead a satisfying life, fulfill
ambitions, and accommodate to change” (Ottawa
Charter, World Health Organization, 1986).

Health is:
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Specific to person’s life -- it is personal
Dynamic, ever-changing process
Holistic, not simply the absence of disease
Related to quality of someone’s life
Multidimensional
Related to person’s ability to cope with the challenge of
change
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Dimensions of Health

Health is multidimensional. The following are
the dimensions of health:
Physical
Environmental
Social
Spiritual
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Mental
Emotional
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Dimensions of Health

These dimensions are interdependent i.e., they interact
and overlap with each other to produce health
Physical
Social
Environmental
HEALTH
Mental
Spiritual
Emotional
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Dimensions of Health

As these dimensions interact they produce a unique
health and wellness profile for each individual.
Physical
Environmental
Social
Spiritual
Mental
Emotional
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Physical dimension of health: the aspect of health that deals
with issues pertaining to the physical body
Emotional dimension of health: the aspect of health that deals
with the ability to express emotions appropriately; cope with
conflict, stress, and change in a healthy way; and enjoy life;
sometimes referred to as the psychological dimension of health
Spiritual dimension of health: the aspect of health that deals
with values— beliefs about what is important
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Social dimension of health: the aspect of health that deals
with the ability to relate well to others
Intellectual dimension of health: the aspect of health that
deals with issues involving lifelong learning
Vocational dimension of health: the aspect of health that
deals with preparing for and engaging in work that provides
personal satisfaction and enrichment
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Health and Wellness in Adolescence
Health and wellness is related to person’s
ability to cope with the many interactions and
transitions that are occurring in his/her life.
 Transitions specific to adolescence include:
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Increase in responsibilities
Increase industry
Intensification of relationships
Changes in body structure
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Health and Wellness in Adolescence
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Dimensions of health that focus on
transition fall under three headings:
– Being, e.g. Who am I? Who am I
becoming as a person?
– Belonging, e.g. To what groups do I
connect with in a sense of belonging?
– Becoming, e.g. What accomplishments
am I striving for?
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12 DETERMINATES OF
HEALTH
http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/ph-sp/determinants/determinants-eng.php#income
1. Income and Social Status
 2. Social Support and Networks
 3. Education and Literacy
 4. Employment/Working Conditions
 5. Social Environment
 6. Physical Environments
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7. Personal Health Practices and
Coping Skills
 8. Healthy Child Development
 9. Biology and Genetic Endowment
 10. Health Services
 11. Gender
 12. Culture
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Why Properly Wash Your
Hands?

Good hand washing is the first line of defense
against the spread of many illnesses, from
the common cold to more serious illnesses
such as meningitis, influenza, hepatitis A, and
most types of infectious diarrhea. By washing
your hands you are not only protecting
yourself from the contraction of these germs
but you are preventing the spread of germs
and viruses.
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Hand Sanitizer

Hand sanitizers are another option
when access to soap and water for
hand washing is not available. Alcoholbased hand rubs come in liquid, gel and
foam forms and there is no reported
difference in the effectiveness of each
form as long as they have adequate
alcohol content (+60%)
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The recommended procedure for applying alcoholbased hand rub is:
1. Roll up long sleeves and push up or remove wrist
watch
2. Wash hands with soap and available water if
hands are visibly dirty (e.g., contaminated with dirt,
oil, blood, body fluids, etc.), and dry hands
completely after washing as wet hands will dilute the
alcohol
3. Place enough alcohol-based hand rub into the
cupped palm of one hand, sufficient to wet both
hands completely
4. Rub the liquid into the palms, backs of hands,
between fingers and under nails, and if a ring is worn,
on and under the ring
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Planes of the Body
i) Transverse (Horizontal) Plane
ii) Frontal Plane
iii) Sagittal Plane
Figure 7-4b
OH 3-9
Anatomical Position
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Description
– Standing erect
– Facing forward
– Arms hanging at the sides
– Palms facing forward and
the thumbs outward
– Legs straight
– Heels, feet and great toes
parallel to each other
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The starting reference point
for describing the human
body

It is universally accepted
It is used in all anatomical
descriptions
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Anatomy – Terms of movement

When describing
human movement
there is an anatomical
“starting point” – the
anatomical position.
In this position all
joints are considered
to be in a neutral
position, or 0 degrees,
with no movement
having occurred
Directional Terms
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Reminder:
All directional terms are based on the
assumption that the body is in the
anatomical position.
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Midl
ine
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Lateral-Medial
– Lateral – Away from the midline of the
body
– Medial – Towards the midline
– E.g., Your ears are lateral to your
cheeks and your cheeks are medial to
your ears
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Lateral
Medial
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Distal-Proximal
– Distal – Further from some
specified region
– Proximal – Closer to some
specified region
– E.g., With respect to trunk, the
hands are distal to the arms and
the arms are proximal to the
hands.
– E.g., With respect to nerves and
blood vessels, proximal also
means "toward the origin" and
distal means "away from the
origin".
– E.g., Colon is the distal portion
and stomach is the proximal
portion of the digestive tube
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Thigh is proximal to
the leg
Leg is distal to the
thigh
Leg is proximal to
the foot
Foot is distal to the
leg
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
Anterior-Posterior
Anterior
Skeleton
Posterior Skeleton
– Anterior – In front of
or front of your body
– Posterior – Behind or
back of your body
– E.g., Your lips are anterior
to your teeth and your
teeth are posterior to your
lips
– E.g., In the anatomical
position, your palms are
facing the anterior of your
body
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Superior-Inferior
– Superior – Above
– Inferior – Below
– E.g., Your lips are superior
to your chin and your chin
is inferior to your lips
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The collar
bone is
superior to
The hip
the rib
bone is
cage
inferior to
the rib
cage
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
Supine
– Lying on the back
– E.g., when
performing a bench
press
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Prone
– Lying face down
– E.g., when
preparing to
perform a push-up
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Abduction: think!
To abduct means
to take away.
Anatomy – Terms of movement
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Abduction:
Movement away
from the midline of
the body
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Adduction:
Movement towards
the midline of the
body
Anatomy –Terms of movement
Flexion: Decrease the
angle formed by bones
of the joint
 Extension: Increasing
of the joint angle.
Returning a joint in
flexion to the
anatomical positions is
considered extension
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Anatomy –Terms of movement
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Dorsiflexion:
Raising the toe to
the shin
 Plantarflexion:
Pointing the toe
downward.
Anatomy – Terms of movement
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Rotation:
 Medial – towards
the midline (internal)
 Lateral – away from
the midline
(external)
Anatomy – Terms of movement
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Supination:
 Rotation of the palm
so it faces upward
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Pronation:
 Rotation of the palm
so it faces
downward
Anatomy – Terms of movement
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Inversion: sole of
the foot turns
inwards
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Eversion: sole of
the foot turns
outwards
Type of joint movement:
• Flexion- bent knee
• Extension- extend knee
• Hyperextension- bring leg back
• Dorsi flexion- heal
• Plantar flexion- toe
• Abduction- leg out
• Adduction-leg in
• Rotation- twisting
• Circumduction- circular motion
• Supination- palm up
• Pronation- palm down
• Eversion- foot out
• Inversion- foot in
• Protraction- chin forward
• Retraction- chin back
• Elevation- shoulders up
• Depression- shoulders down
Range of Motion
Range of motion, or ROM, refers to how far a
joint moves during exercise and physical therapy..
Range of motion helps maintain movement by
stretching the muscles and moving the joints.
The terms active and passive define the energy
behind the movement. Active range of motion is
exercises you do on your own. Passive means
someone does the work for you.
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Three Contraction Types
Type
AKA
Concentric Positive
Angle @
Joint
Decreases Shortens
Eccentric Negative Increases
Isometric Static
Muscle
Strength
Weakest
Lengthens Strongest
No change No
change
Middle
Force
> Resistance
< Resistance
= Resistance
Static Contraction
 Muscle
tension or internal force
exerted against an external load
 Internal force is equal to, or
weaker than, the external load
 No visible movement of the
external load occurs
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Static Contraction
 In
most sports, the need for
maximal static contraction is
rare
 Maximal static contraction is
most often seen in gymnastics,
wrestling, and judo
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Activities Requiring Maximal
Static Muscle Tension
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Static Contraction
 Most
sports require low to submaximal static contraction
 Examples of sports that require
this type of contraction include
sail-boarding, alpine skiing, and
shooting events
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Activities Requiring
Sub-Maximal Static Muscle Tension
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Dynamic Contraction
 Muscle
tension or
force is exerted
against an external
load
 Internal force exerted
is greater than the
external load
 Visible movement of
the external load
occurs
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Isometric Contraction
A static contraction
 Muscle contraction against an external
force
 No visible change in muscle length
 External load is greater than the force
generated by the internal force
 No external movement occurs
 No work is performed because no
movement occurs
 A high amount of tension is developed,
energy is used
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Pushing against a stable wall is an
example of an isometric
contraction
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Skeletal Muscle Groups

Skeletal muscles are named based on
many different factors, including their
location, origin and insertion, number of
origins, shape, size, direction, and
function
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