Transcript Document
Chapter 36 Activity and Exercise Mosby items and derived items © 2005 by Mosby, Inc. Body Mechanics, Exercise, and Activity • • • • • Body alignment Body balance Coordinated body movement Friction Exercise and activity – Isotonic, isometric, resistive isometric exercises Mosby items and derived items © 2005 by Mosby, Inc. Regulation of Movement • Skeletal muscle – Bones – Joints – Ligaments, tendons, cartilage Mosby items and derived items © 2005 by Mosby, Inc. Regulation of Movement (cont'd) • Skeletal muscle – Movement – Posture – Groups • Synergistic • Antigravity Mosby items and derived items © 2005 by Mosby, Inc. Regulation of Movement (cont'd) • Nervous system – Movement – Posture – Proprioception – Balance Mosby items and derived items © 2005 by Mosby, Inc. Principles of Body Mechanics • Pathological influences – Congenital defects – Disorders of bones, joints, and muscles – Musculoskeletal trauma Mosby items and derived items © 2005 by Mosby, Inc. Developmental Changes in Appearance and Function • • • • • • Infants Toddlers School-aged children Adolescents Young to middle adults Older adults Mosby items and derived items © 2005 by Mosby, Inc. Behavioral Aspects • Support by significant others, health care team • Knowledge of exercise and activity • Readiness to change behavior • Program customized to meet personalized needs Mosby items and derived items © 2005 by Mosby, Inc. Environmental Issues • Worksite • Schools • Community Mosby items and derived items © 2005 by Mosby, Inc. Psychosocial Issues • Cultural and ethnic influences • Family and social support Mosby items and derived items © 2005 by Mosby, Inc. Assessment • Body alignment and posture – Standing – Sitting – Recumbent position Mosby items and derived items © 2005 by Mosby, Inc. Assessment (cont'd) • Body alignment and posture (cont'd) – Mobility • Range of motion • Gait • Exercise – Activity tolerance Mosby items and derived items © 2005 by Mosby, Inc. Nursing Diagnoses • • • • • Activity intolerance Disturbed body image Risk for injury Impaired physical mobility Acute/Chronic pain Mosby items and derived items © 2005 by Mosby, Inc. Planning • Goals and outcomes – Examples • Participates in prescribed activity • Expresses understanding of balancing rest and activity – Setting priorities – Continuity of care Mosby items and derived items © 2005 by Mosby, Inc. Implementation • Health promotion: exercise programs • Nursing safety – Body mechanics – Lifting techniques Mosby items and derived items © 2005 by Mosby, Inc. Implementation (cont'd) • Acute care – Muscle strengthening, isometric exercise – Joint mobility: ROM, CPM machines Mosby items and derived items © 2005 by Mosby, Inc. Implementation (cont'd) • Ambulation – Nurse assistance – Assistive devices • Walkers • Canes • Crutches Mosby items and derived items © 2005 by Mosby, Inc. Implementation (cont'd) • Restoration of activity – Coronary heart disease – Hypertension – COPD – Diabetes mellitus Mosby items and derived items © 2005 by Mosby, Inc. Evaluation • Activity tolerance • Mobility, balance • Client expectations Mosby items and derived items © 2005 by Mosby, Inc.