Transcript AP Chapter 3 Part 2 Tissues

ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
HONORS
CHAPTER 3 PART 2 TISSUES
INTRO TO TISSUES

Please copy the following for your notes and answer while we are watching this.
1.
What is histology?
2.
List the 4 types of tissues.
3.
What are the two types of nervous tissue cells?
4.
What are the 3 types of muscle tissue called?
ANSWERS
1.
What is histology? The study of tissues
2.
List the 4 types of tissues. Connective, muscle, nervous, epithelial
3.
What are the two types of nervous tissue cells? Neurons, glial
4.
What are the 3 types of muscle tissue called? Skeletal, cardiac,
smooth
OPENING ASSIGNMENT
1.
What are the four types of human body tissue?
2.
How are Epithelial cells classified?
CHAPTER 5 LEARNING GOALS
Students will be able to
1.
List the 4 major tissue types and explain where they are found
in the human body. (5.1)
2.
Describe the characteristics of Epithelial tissue. (5.2)
3.
List the types of Connective tissues, the general cellular
components, and the function of each type. (5.3)
4.
Differentiate between the three types of Muscle tissues (5.4)
5.
Describe the structure and function of nervous tissue. (5.5)
6.
Describe the four types of membranes (5.6)
INTRODUCTION TO TISSUES 5.1
 Tissues:
similar cells
specialized to carry on a
particular function.
 Extracellular
matrix: the
nonliving portion that
surrounds the tissue and
helps with support,
transmitting signals, and cell
function.
From Cells to Organ Systems
• Cells combine to form tissues, and
tissues combine to form organs
• Cells combine to form four primary
tissues
– Epithelial tissue
– Connective tissue
– Muscle tissue
– Nervous tissue
Four Tissue Types:
Epithelial Tissue
Function: Form protective
coverings and function in secretion,
excretion
and absorption.
Location: Found throughout the body as
skin, covering organs, and
lining body cavities and hollow
organs.
Characteristics of Epithelial Tissues
1. Found throughout the body
2. Always have a free surface
3. Anchored to underlying
connective tissue by non-living
basement membrane
4. Lack blood vessels (diffusion)
5. Cells readily divide (heal
quickly)
6. Tightly packed – protective
7. Classified by shape and #
layers
Four Tissue Types: Connective Tissue
Function: Bind structures together,
Support, protect, fill spaces, store
fat, produce red blood cells
Location: Found throughout the body
Characteristics: good blood supply,
cells are farther apart with an
extracellular matrix between them.
http://singularityhub.com/wpcontent/uploads/2010/08/red-bloodcells.jpg
Four Tissue Types: Muscle Tissue
Function: MOVEMENT
Location: attached to bones,
Characteristics: contract in
response to specific stimuli,
resulting in body movements,
movement of substances through the
body, and the heartbeat.
http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_guSOnFRs_Ks/T
NvHCnIBuDI/AAAAAAAAAQs/0X6MaLP_d
YE/s1600/cardiac_muscle.jpg
Four Tissue Types: Nervous Tissue
Function: transmits impulses for
coordination, regulation,
integration, and sensory
reception
Location: Found in the brain,
spinal cord, and all peripheral
nerves.
Characteristics:
nervous tissue cells connect to
each other and other body parts.
http://faculty.stcc.edu/nash/21-07xneuron.jpg
EPITHELIAL TISSUES 5.2
Basement membrane: the
underside of epithelial tissue is
anchored to connective tissue by a
thin, nonliving layer called a
basement membrane which is part
of the extracellular matrix.
The epithelial tissue lacks a direct
blood supply so to get the nutrients
it needs to survive it relies on the
connective tissue below. Diffusion
happens across the basement
membrane which separates the two
types of tissue.
CLASSIFICATION OF EPITHELIAL CELLS
Epithelial cells are
classified based on
two different
physical
characteristics:
shape and number
of layers.
3 BASIC SHAPES:
Squamous – flat and
scale-like
Cuboidal – shaped
like a cube
www.tvcc.edu
http://virtual.yosemite.cc.ca.us
Columnar –
taller than wide
http://www.siumed.edu
Number of layers:
Simple: one layer
thick
http://www.spjc.edu
Stratified: two or more layers
(like the ‘strata’ or layers
of the Earth)
http://internetattitude.com
Function: Filtration, diffusion,
osmosis, covers surface.
Location: Alveoli, walls of
capillaries, lining blood & lymph
vessels, covering membranes that
line body cavities.
Simple
squamous
Simple cuboidal
Function: secretion and absorption
Location: Covers ovaries, lines most
kidney tubules and ducts of salivary
glands, thyroid gland, pancreas and
liver.
Simple columnar
Function: secretion,
absorption, & protection
Location: Ciliated – in
uterine tubes; non-ciliated –
uterus and most organs of the
digestive tract, including the
stomach and small and large
intestines; have goblet cells.
http://www.stegen.k12.mo.us
Pseudostratified
columnar
Pseudostratified means that these
cells appear stratified or layered but
they are not.
Function: protection, secretion,
movement of mucus
Location: Commonly have cilia and
goblet cells (cells that secrete mucus);
found in passages of the
respiratory system, where
particles are trapped in mucus
and cilia sweep them up and out!
Function: protection
Location: Keratinized forms the skin;
non-keratinized lines the oral cavity,
esophagus, vagina and anal canal.
http://www.spjc.edu
Stratified
squamous
Keratin is a protein that accumulates on
certain types of tissue as they age. It
causes the tissue to become hard and
more waterproof than they originally
were.
Stratified cuboidal
Function: protection
Location: in larger ducts of
mammary glands, sweat gland
salivary glands, and pancreas.
Stratified
cuboidal
Simple
cuboidal
Stratified Columnar
Function: protection,
secretion
Location: Found in the
male urethra and vas
deferens, and in parts
of the pharynx.
http://www.ouhsc.edu
Function: distensability (able to be
stretched), protection
Location: Forms the inner lining
of the urinary bladder, and lines the
ureters and part of the urethra.
http://uebanatomy.net
Transitional
http://microanatomy.net
GLANDULAR EPITHELIUM
Function: secretion
Location: Salivary glands, sweat glands,
endocrine glands.
2 types of glands
endocrine – secrete into tissue
fluid or blood
exocrine – secrete products that
open onto surfaces
LET’S REVIEW 
1.
What is the purpose of the basement membrane in epithelial tissue?
2.
Simple means:
3.
Stratified means:
4.
Squamous is shaped . . .
5.
Cuboidal is shaped . . . .
6.
Columnar is shaped
7.
Pseudostratified means


Then Epithelial tissue review: Epithelial Tissue: Crash Course
WHAT TYPE OF TISSUE IS THIS?
Simple Squamous
Epithelium
WHAT TYPE OF TISSUE IS THIS?
WHAT TYPE OF TISSUE IS THIS?
Stratified Columnar
Epithelium
WHAT TYPE OF TISSUE IS THIS?
WHAT TYPE OF TISSUE IS THIS?
Simple Cuboidal
Epithelium
WHAT TYPE OF TISSUE IS THIS?
WHAT TYPE OF TISSUE IS THIS?
Pseudostratified
Columnar Epithelium
WHAT TYPE OF TISSUE IS THIS?
WHAT TYPE OF TISSUE IS THIS?
Nervous tissue
WHAT TYPE OF TISSUE IS THIS?
OPENING ASSIGNMENT
1.
What are the 3 shapes of epithelial cells?
2.
Describe a simple cuboidal epithelium tissue.
3.
Where do you find simple squamous
epithelial tissue?
Epithelial Tissues Laboratory
Please examine the following epithelial tissues and be able to name
each tissue by group and complete name, as well as identify the
special features, state a typical location, and give a general
function for each tissue. DRAW what you see in the microscope!!
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Stratified squamous
Pseudostratified Columnar with No Cilia
Simple Columnar
Pseudostratified ciliated columnar
Transitional
Work
on connective tissue
worksheet – due at the
beginning of class on Monday.
AGENDA FOR 2ND HOUR
OPENING ASSIGNMENT
LABEL THE TYPES OF EPITHELIAL TISSUE
A.
E.
B.
F.
D.
C.
G.
Reminder
of your Learning Goals for this
section:
List the types of Connective tissues, the
general cellular components, and the
function of each type. (5.3)
CONNECTIVE TISSUES
HOW ARE CONNECTIVE TISSUES
RELATED TO EPITHELIAL TISSUE?
Remember
that Epithelial
Tissue lacks blood vessels
so the living tissue relies on
the basement membrane
underneath and the
connective tissue below it
to get the nutrients it
needs.
HOW ARE CONNECTIVE TISSUES
DIFFERENT THAN EPITHELIAL
TISSUE?
 Connective
tissues function
to bind, support, protect, fill
spaces, store fat, and
produce blood cells. (on 1st
worksheet)
 They have a good blood
supply, cells are farther
apart, with lots of
extracellular matrix between
them, and some are rigid
(bone and cartilage)
Connective Tissue
• Binds the cells and organs of
the body together
– All connective tissues
consist of two basic
components: cells and
extracellular tissue fibers
• Two types of connective tissue
are:
– Connective tissue proper loose, adipose, and dense
– Specialized connective
tissue – cartilage, bone, and
blood
Cell Types
• Fibroblasts – produce fibers
• Macrophages – WBC’s that
carry on phagocytosis (eating
cellular debris)
Cell Types
• Mast cells – secrete heparin
and histamine. Play a big role in
treating inflammation.
Tissue Fibers
• Collagenous –contain
protein collagen;
provide good tensile
strength (resist pulling
force)
• Elastic – contain
protein elastin; stretch
easily
Tissue Fibers
• Reticular – very thin collagenous fibers; lend delicate support
lymph node tissue
CATEGORIES OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE
Connective Tissue proper: loose,
adipose, and dense
Specialized connective tissue:
cartilage, blood, and bone,
Connective Tissue Proper
Loose connective tissue
Function: Binds organs together,
holds tissue fluids
Location: beneath skin, between
muscles, beneath epithelial
tissues
Connective Tissue Proper
Adipose tissue
Function: protects, insulates, stores fats
Location: beneath skin, around kidneys,
behind eyeballs, on surface of heart
Connective Tissue Proper
Dense connective tissue
Function: Binds organs together
Location: tendons, ligaments, deeper layers of skin
CONNECTIVE
TISSUE PROPER
Specialized Connective Tissue
Specialized connective tissues function to help
maintain homeostasis in the body.
3 Types of Specialized Connective tissue:
• Cartilage
• Bone
• Blood
Cartilage - consists of 3 types; hyaline, elastic,
fibrocartilage
• Consists of specialized cells (chondrocytes)
embedded in a matrix of extracellular fibers
and other extracellular material
Specialized Connective Tissue
Hyaline Cartilage connective
tissue
Function: Supports, protects,
provides framework
Location: Nose, ends of bones,
rings in the walls of respiratory
passages.
Cartilage
Specialized Connective Tissue
Elastic Cartilage connective
tissue
Function: Supports, protects,
provides flexible framework
Location: Framework of external
ear and part of larynx.
Specialized Connective Tissue
Fibrocartilage connective tissue
Function: Supports, protects,
absorbs shock
Location: Between bony parts of
spinal column, parts of pelvic
girdle, and knee.
Specialized Connective Tissue
Bone tissue - Consists of bone
cells (osteocytes) and a calcified
cartilage matrix
Function: Supports, protects,
provides framework
Location: Bones of skeleton
• Two types of bone tissue exist:
spongy and compact
Specialized Connective Tissue
Blood tissue - Contains blood
cells, platelets, plasma
Function: Transports
substances, helps maintain stable
environment
Location: Throughout body within
the closed system of heart and
blood vessels.
CONNECTIVE
TISSUE

Let’s practice
identifying
them . . .
A.
D.
B.
C,
E.
F.
CRASH COURSE – CONNECTIVE TISSUE
Opening Assignment
DIFFERENTIATE BETWEEN THE 3 TYPES OF CELLS IN
CONNECTIVE TISSUES
MACROPHAGES:
FIBROBLASTS:
MAST CELLS:
CONNECTIVE
TISSUE

Let’s practice
identifying
them . . .
A.
D.
B.
C,
E.
F.
TODAY’S AGENDA

Complete the last tissue chart worksheet on muscle tissues,
nervous tissue and membranes in the human body. All 3 tissue
chart worksheets will be due on Chapter 5 test day, next Friday.
OPENING ASSIGNMENT
COPY THE QUESTIONS AND ANSWER
1.
What are the three types of muscle tissue?
2.
What is the function of muscle tissue?
3.
Nervous tissue is made of what two types of cells?
4.
What is the main function of nervous tissue?
REMINDER OF CHAPTER 5 SECTIONS 5.4, 5.5, AND 5.6
LEARNING GOALS
Students will be able to
1. Differentiate between the three types of
Muscle tissues (5.4)
2. Describe the structure and function of
nervous tissue. (5.5)
3. Describe the four types of membranes
(5.6)
5.4 MUSCLE TISSUES

The main function of muscle tissue
is to be able to contract in
response to specific stimuli. When
muscle fibers contract they
shorten, pulling on the attached
ends. This process allows for
MOVEMENT.

The human body has 3 different
types of muscle tissue – skeletal,
smooth, and cardiac.
SKELETAL MUSCLE (STRIATED)

The cells of skeletal muscle tissue have
alternating light and dark cross markings,
called striations. Each cell has MANY nuclei.

Function: voluntary movements of skeletal
parts like the head, trunk, and limbs. This
contraction is stimulated by the nervous
system impulse.

Location: Muscles that are attached to
bones.
SMOOTH MUSCLE (NOT STRIATED)

The cells of smooth muscles are
shorter and spindle shaped with a
single nuclei in each cell.

Function: Involuntary movements
of internal organs.

Location: Walls of hollow organs
Muscles that are attached to
bones.
CARDIAC MUSCLE (STRIATED)

Cardiac tissue is ONLY found in the
heart. It’s cells are striated and
branched with a single nuclei in
each cell and connected to other
cells using an intercalated disc.

Function: heart movements

Location: heart muscle
5.5 NERVOUS TISSUE
 The
nervous system tissue is
composed of two basic
types of cells; neurons and
neuroglial cells.
 Function:
sensory reception
and conduction of nerve
impulses (information)
 Location:
brain, spinal cord,
and peripheral nerves
NERVOUS TISSUE CELLS
 Neurons:
sense certain types
of changes in their surroundings
and transmit impulses to other
neurons or to muscles or glands
for a response.

Neuroglial cells: support and
bind the components of
nervous tissue, carry on
phagocytosis, and help supply
nutrients to neurons by
connecting them to blood
vessels.
5.6 TYPES OF MEMBRANES
 Remember
that two or more
types of tissues grouped
together and performing a
specialized function create
an organ.
3
Types of Epithelial
membranes – composed of
the epithelial tissue and it’s
underlying connective tissue
are Serous, Mucous, and
Cutaneous.
EPITHELIAL MEMBRANES: SEROUS
 Serous:
consists of a layer of
simple squamous epithelium and
a layer of loose connective
tissue.
 Function:
secrete a watery
serous fluid that lubricates
membrane surfaces.
 Location:
Line body cavities that
lack an opening to the outside.
EPITHELIAL MEMBRANES: MUCOUS
 Mucous:
consists of different
types of epithelial tissue that
contain Goblet cells (secrete
mucus) with loose connective
tissue below.
 Function:
secrete mucus to
lubricate movement of
substances.
 Location:
Line cavities and tubes
that open to the outside.
EPITHELIAL MEMBRANES: CUTANEOUS
 Cutaneous:
consists of loose
connective and adipose tissue
 Function:
insulates, and contains
major blood vessels to supply the skin
and underlying adipose tissue
 Location:
the skin
beneath the dermal layer of
SYNOVIAL MEMBRANE
 Synovial:
consists of different
types of connective tissues.
 Function:
secrete synovial fluid to
lubricate joints.
 Location:
Line joints.
PRACTICE #1
What type of
tissue is this?
PRACTICE #2
What type of
tissue is this?
PRACTICE #3
What type of
tissue is this?
PRACTICE #4
What type of
tissue is this?
1.
Nervous tissue
2.
Skeletal Muscle
3.
Smooth Muscle
4.
Cardiac Muscle
ANSWERS