Clostridium botulinum

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Transcript Clostridium botulinum

By: Ellie McCarthy
AP Biology – Period 1&2
 Domain: Bacteria
 Kingdom: Bacteria
 Division: Firmicutes
 Class: Clostridia
 Order: Clostridiales
 Family: Clostridiaceae
 Genus: Clostridium
 Species: C. botulinum
 Binomial name:
Clostridium botulinum
 Gram positive
 Shape: rod (bacilli)
 Obligate anaerobe
(chemautotroph)
 Found in soil
 Form in colonies
 Motile
 Produces oval, subterminal
endospores
 Can survive in most
environments and are very
hard to kill
 Produces botulinum
neurotoxins types A-G
 Called botulin
 Extremely toxic
 Types A, B, E and F affect
humans
 Types C and D affect
animals
 Type G is unknown
Disease
Symptoms
 Causes the disease botulism
 Nausea
 Results from the ingestion of the
 Vomiting
neurotoxin (exotoxin) botulin
released by C. botulinum while
growing on food
 Endospores frequently found in
honey
 Neurotoxins are absorbed into
blood stream, affecting the nervous
system by preventing the release of
aceytlcholine
 Symptoms usually begin between 12
and 72 hours after ingestion
 Lasts from 1 to 10 days
 If not caught early and treated
properly, death results
 Fatigue
 Dizziness
 Double vision
 Drooping eyelids
 Slurred speech
 Difficulty swallowing
 Dryness of skin, mouth, and throat
 No fever
 Muscle weakness
 Flaccid paralysis
 Starts with eyes and face, then
progresses downward
 Eventual asphyxia (death)
Treatment
 Antibiotics ineffective,
antitoxins more effective
 Stop exotoxins in the
bloodstream from further
affecting the nervous system
 Supportive treatment in an
intensive care ward
 Ventilation may be needed in
cases of respiratory failure
 Recovery takes weeks because
nerve endings must rejuvenate
Types
 Food-borne botulism
 Most common
 Contamination of agricultural
products and seafood
 Under-processed canned foods or
can leakage
 Incorrectly home-canned foods
 Wound botulism
 Occurs when C. botulinum cells
affect an open wound
 Exotoxins travel to the bloodstream
and then affect the nervous system
 Infant botulism
 Rare
 Symptoms often take weeks to occur
 Presents with constipation, tiredness
and inability to feed, followed by
respiratory failure
 1895 – First recognized and isolated by Emile van Ermengem
 1928 – P. Tessemer Snipe and Hermann Sommer able to purify
the botulism toxin
 1960s – Alan Scott and Edward Schantz began experimenting
with botulism toxin type A (BTX-A) for therapeutic purposes
 Cosmetically – used in Botox and other cosmetic formulas to treat
frown lines and wrinkles
 Therapeutically – muscle pain disorders, upper motor neuron
syndrome, blepharospasm, strabismus and hemifacial spasm
 Ecolab. Clostridium botulinum . 30 September 2003. 2 February 2011
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<http://www.pc.maricopa.edu/Biology/rcotter/BIO%20205/Less
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Marler, Bill. "Clostridium botulinum." 23 November 2010. Botulism
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Arsenault, Richard J. "Infant Botulism and Honey." 18 January 2010. NBA Food Advocate.
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February 2011 <http://www.nbafoodadvocate.com/infant-botulinum-and-honey-2803>.
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<http://www2.cedarcrest.edu/academic/bio/hale/bioT_EID/lectures/botulinum.html>.
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/Ch13LessonBuilder_print.html>.
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February 2011 <http://www.giantmicrobes.com/forum/showthread.php?t=6053>.
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February 2011
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