Clostridium botulinum
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Transcript Clostridium botulinum
By: Ellie McCarthy
AP Biology – Period 1&2
Domain: Bacteria
Kingdom: Bacteria
Division: Firmicutes
Class: Clostridia
Order: Clostridiales
Family: Clostridiaceae
Genus: Clostridium
Species: C. botulinum
Binomial name:
Clostridium botulinum
Gram positive
Shape: rod (bacilli)
Obligate anaerobe
(chemautotroph)
Found in soil
Form in colonies
Motile
Produces oval, subterminal
endospores
Can survive in most
environments and are very
hard to kill
Produces botulinum
neurotoxins types A-G
Called botulin
Extremely toxic
Types A, B, E and F affect
humans
Types C and D affect
animals
Type G is unknown
Disease
Symptoms
Causes the disease botulism
Nausea
Results from the ingestion of the
Vomiting
neurotoxin (exotoxin) botulin
released by C. botulinum while
growing on food
Endospores frequently found in
honey
Neurotoxins are absorbed into
blood stream, affecting the nervous
system by preventing the release of
aceytlcholine
Symptoms usually begin between 12
and 72 hours after ingestion
Lasts from 1 to 10 days
If not caught early and treated
properly, death results
Fatigue
Dizziness
Double vision
Drooping eyelids
Slurred speech
Difficulty swallowing
Dryness of skin, mouth, and throat
No fever
Muscle weakness
Flaccid paralysis
Starts with eyes and face, then
progresses downward
Eventual asphyxia (death)
Treatment
Antibiotics ineffective,
antitoxins more effective
Stop exotoxins in the
bloodstream from further
affecting the nervous system
Supportive treatment in an
intensive care ward
Ventilation may be needed in
cases of respiratory failure
Recovery takes weeks because
nerve endings must rejuvenate
Types
Food-borne botulism
Most common
Contamination of agricultural
products and seafood
Under-processed canned foods or
can leakage
Incorrectly home-canned foods
Wound botulism
Occurs when C. botulinum cells
affect an open wound
Exotoxins travel to the bloodstream
and then affect the nervous system
Infant botulism
Rare
Symptoms often take weeks to occur
Presents with constipation, tiredness
and inability to feed, followed by
respiratory failure
1895 – First recognized and isolated by Emile van Ermengem
1928 – P. Tessemer Snipe and Hermann Sommer able to purify
the botulism toxin
1960s – Alan Scott and Edward Schantz began experimenting
with botulism toxin type A (BTX-A) for therapeutic purposes
Cosmetically – used in Botox and other cosmetic formulas to treat
frown lines and wrinkles
Therapeutically – muscle pain disorders, upper motor neuron
syndrome, blepharospasm, strabismus and hemifacial spasm
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