Transcript Introduction to Biohazards: Risk Management - Bio-Link

Introduction to
Biohazards: Risk
Management
http://0.tqn.com/d/chemistry/1/0/I/d/biohazard.j
pg
Biohazards
Biological agents with the
potential to produce harmful
effects in humans
H1N1 flu
virus
http://scienceinthetriangle.org/wpcontent/uploads/2011/01/H1N1-flu-virus.jpg
Pathogenicity
• The relative ability of an organism
to cause disease in humans or
other organisms
• A pathogenic agent must also be
infectious
– Those organisms that invade and cause
a SPECIFIC host disease are called
etiological agents
Vibrio cholerae
http://remf.dartmouth.edu/imagesindex.html
Carriers
• An agent infects a host but
does not cause disease in
that host
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mallon-Mary_01.jpg
Routes of infection
•
•
•
•
Inhalation
Skin/eye contact
Ingestion
Injection
Mold
spores
http://science.nationalgeographic.com/staticfiles/NGS/Shared/St
aticFiles/Science/Images/Content/mold-78761240-sw.jpg
Special considerations
when working with
biohazards
• Pathogenic
• Associated
risks
• Laboratoryacquired
infections
• Treatments
• Allergies
Hepatitis C virus
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:HCV_EM_picture_2.png
Biohazard
considerations (con.)
• Infectiousness
• Limiting exposure
• Special safety
precautions
• Is the level of risk of
working with this
agent acceptable to
the worker?
Polio virus
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Polio_EM_PHIL_1875_lores.PNG
Laboratory-Acquired
Infections (LAI)
• Infections that can be traced
directly to lab organisms
handled by or used in the
vicinity of the infected
individuals
– Thousands documented
– Hundreds of deaths
Biosafety Guidelines
• Centers for Disease
Control and
Prevention (CDC)
http://www.bioethicsinstitute.org/data
/images/cdc-785103.jpg
• National Institutes
of Health (NIH)
• Others
https://dcb.cit.nih.gov/images/NIH_Logo.gif
Standard Microbiological
Practices
Practices to be used when
working with ALL
microbiological
organisms
• Protect worker
• Protect culture
http://www.asepticsolutions.com/images/streak_plate.JPG
Standard Rules for Working
with Microbes
• Only trained individuals may enter lab
• Always wear lab coats and safety glasses
• Wash hands after working with organisms and before
leaving lab
• No eating, drinking, smoking
• Avoid hand to mouth or eye contact
• No mouth pipetting
• Minimize aerosol production
• Work on clean hard benchtop and ALWAYS keep
disinfectant handy
• Decontaminate workspace and waste before disposing
Types of Containment
Control of biohazards by isolation and
separation of organism from worker
• Primary containment
– Personal containment
– Physical containment
• Seconary containment
– Personal containment
– Physical containment
http://www.terrauniversal.com/gallery/hoods/Images/biological_s
afety_cabinet_purifier_Cover.jpg
Biosafety Levels: BSL-1
Well characterized strains not
causing disease in healthy
humans
• Standard Microbiological
Practices
http://www.lbl.gov/ehs/biosafety/manual/assets/img/4.0_image00
8.jpg
Biosafety Levels:
BSL-2
Agents may cause disease
• Usually treatable or preventable
• Need autoclave, special
disposal requirements
• If aerosols produced, need
biological safety cabinet (Class
1 or II)
http://engineering.colorado.edu/dlc/laboratories/photos/publicheal
th.jpg
Biosafety Levels:
BSL-3
Severe or lethal
human disease
• Blood testing for
workers
• Entry to lab
controlled
• Physical
containment for all
manipulations.
Extra protective
gear (respirators) http://www.dpr.com/images/projects/large/Emory%20BSL3%20L
ab%20View%20%232%20-%20large.jpg
• No air
recirculation,
negative airflow
Biosafety Levels: BSL4
High risk of lethality,
airborne or unknown
agent
• Clothing change, and
shower upon exit
• All work done in Class
III BSC or Class I or II
with full body, air –
supplied suit
• Must be done in
separate building or
zone with own
contained air system
http://www.cdc.gov/media/subtopic/library/LabsScientists/6638S.j
pg
Biological Safety
Cabinets
Provides containment for
aerosols and separates work
area from operator and lab while
providing clean air
• Able to filter most particles
(including most viruses) from air
• Does not remove chemical vapors
Classes of BSC’s
• Class I and Class II
cabinets draw air
from room and work
something like fume
hoods
http://ehs.virginia.edu/biosafety/bio.images/bsc.jpg
• Class III are glove
boxes
http://eu.escoglobal.com/products/images/products-big/AC3B.jpg