Transcript INFECTION-MALNUTRITION INTERACTION

INFECTION-MALNUTRITION
INTERACTION
CUHAS
INFECTION AND MALNUTRITION
• Malnutrition is primarily due to:
1. An inadequate intake of food (food gap) both in quantity and
quality.
2. Infections, particularly diarrhea, measles, intestinal worms
and respiratory infections.
• In fact it is a vicious circle – Infections make malnutrition
worse and poor nutrition increases the severity of infectious
diseases.
2
MALNUTRITION CYCLE
Inadequate dietary intake
Appetite loss
Nutrient loss
Malabsorption
Altered metabolism
Weight loss
Growth flattering
Decreased immunity
Mucosal damage
Disease[HIV,TB]: increase in incidence,
duration, severity
3
MALNUTRITION CYCLE
• Infection can lead to malnutrition by affecting
the food consumption ability, food uptake
after digestion and affect the body
metabolism.
• Malnutrition makes children prone to
infectious diseases. Under nutrition causes
decreased body immunity against infectious
agents.
GENERAL EFFECTS OF UNDERNUTITION ON
IMMUNITY
• Diminished T-cell help in immune responses
dependent on mature CD4 cells„
• Delayed Antibody responses to certain Antigen
• Depressed mucosal IgA and associated Antibody
in response to mucosal infections
• Impaired complement activation„
• Impaired Opsonization activity
• Affect cell mediated and antibody mediated
production machinery [Thymic atrophy]
EFFECTS OF INFECTION ON NUTRITIONAL
STATUS
• Protein catabolism and negative nitrogen balance
and altered priorities for protein anabolism„
• Depletion of CHO stores and Increased resting
energy metabolism
• Increased gluconeogenesis„
• Peripheral insulin resistance
• Altered lipid metabolism
• Trace element (Fe, Cu, Zn) redistribution
• Increased vitamin utilization and excretion
GLOBAL BURDEN OF MALNUTRION AND INFECTIOUS
DISEASE AMONG UNDER FIVES