Transcript safe transport of infectious substances and diagnostic

SAFE TRANSPORT OF
INFECTIOUS SUBSTANCES
AND
DIAGNOSTIC SPECIMENS
BY AIR
Alana Hansen
Flinders University
REGULATIONS
as of 1 JULY 2004
 If either you or your staff packs or supervises an
individual who packs dangerous goods for
transport by air (including enclosing the goods in
packaging, or marking or labelling the
consignment or preparing a shipper’s
declaration) then you are required by the Civil
Aviation Safety Regulation Part 92 (CASR 92) to
ensure that both you and your staff receive
dangerous goods training on a Civil Aviation
Safety Authority (CASA) approved course from
1st July 2004 and every two years thereafter.
REGULATORY FRAMEWORK
United Nations Committee of Experts
(CoE)
INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC
International
Atomic Energy Agency
ENERGY AGENCY (IAEA)
(IAEA)
International Civil Aviation Organisation
(ICAO)
International Air Transport Association
(IATA)
Civil Aviation Safety Authority (CASA)
Australia
GENERAL PHILOSOPHY
Unlike transport by road and sea, air transportation
has a unique set of circumstances:
Pressurized cabin
Enclosed environment
Operating at altitude
WHY AWARENESS
TRAINING?
 In the interest of global public health infectious substances
and diagnostic specimens need to be transported by air
safely and efficiently.
 More than 90% of all aviation accidents and incidents
worldwide involving dangerous goods were caused by
UNDECLARED dangerous goods.
 Less than 1% of dangerous goods incidents worldwide
were caused by correctly packaged, declared and
documented dangerous goods.
THE CASE FOR AWARENESS
TRAINING
 A heavy duty plastic cylinder exploded
as it was being transported by a courier.
 Dry ice was packed into a cylinder
(secondary packaging) contrary to both
the
IATA Regulations
and
the
manufacturers instructions.
 Just imagine if this had happened
onboard an aircraft in flight!
KEY DEFINITIONS
 Dangerous Goods
 Substances capable of posing a risk
to health, safety, property or the
environment when transported by
air
 Carbon Dioxide, Solid (Dry Ice)
 Diagnostic Specimens
 Biological products
COMPLIANCE PROCESS
STEP 1
STEP 2
STEP 3
STEP 4
STEP 5
STEP 6
STEP 7
STEP 8
Classify
Identify
Select packaging
Pack
Mark and label
Documentation
Advance arrangements
Emergency response
STEP 1
Classify
NINE (9) UN HAZARD CLASSES
With dangerous goods, the shipper must classify each item by
determining which of the nine (9) Hazard Classes it falls within.
Class 1 – Explosives
Class 2 – Gases
Class 3 – Flammable Liquids
Class 4 – Flammable Solids; Substances Liable to
Spontaneous Combustion; Substances Which
in Contact With Water, Emit Flammable Gases
Class 5 – Oxidising Substances and Organic Peroxide
Class 6 – Toxic and Infectious Substances
Class 7 – Radioactive Material
Class 8 – Corrosives
Class 9 – Miscellaneous Dangerous Goods
STEP 1
Classify
UN HAZARD CLASSES
These may be further divided into Hazard Divisions
The order in which they appear does not imply relative degree
of danger.
Oxidizer
Non-flammable gas
Flammable solid
STEP 1
Classify
CLASS 6.2 - INFECTIOUS
SUBSTANCES
Division 6.2 materials are substances which are known to
contain or reasonably expected to contain pathogens.
Pathogens are micro-organisms (such as bacteria, viruses,
rickettsia parasites and fungi) and recombinant microorganisms (hybrid or mutant) that may cause infectious
diseases in humans or animals.
Division 6.2 includes biological products; diagnostic
specimens such as blood, body fluids and tissue samples;
clinical and medical waste; and genetically modified microorganisms and organisms.
STEP 1
Classify
RISK GROUPS
Classification into the appropriate Risk Group is based upon:
The pathogenicity of the organism.
The mode and relative ease of transmission.
The degree of risk to both an individual and a community.
Reversibility of the disease
through the availability of known
and effective preventative agents
and treatment.
Risk groups 1,2,3,4
STEP 1
Classify
GENETICALLY MODIFIED MICROORGANISMS AND ORGANISMS
Genetically modified micro-organisms which meet the definition of an
infectious substance must be classified in Division 6.2 and assigned UN
2814 or UN 2900.
Animals which contain, or are contaminated with, genetically modified
micro-organisms that meet the definition of an infectious substance must
not be transported by air unless exempted by the State concerned.
Genetically modified micro-organisms which do not meet the definition of
an infectious substance, but are capable of altering animals, plants or
microbiological substances in a way which is not normally the result of
natural reproduction must be classified in Class 9 and assigned to UN
3245.
STEP 1
Classify
DIAGNOSTIC SPECIMENS
Diagnostic specimens, including those taken from apparently healthy
individuals, may contain pathogens that meet the criteria for Risk Groups 1,
2, 3 or 4. Diagnostic Specimens that contain pathogens which meet the
criteria for Risk Group 1, 2 and 3 must be assigned to UN 3373.
Specimens containing Risk Group 4 pathogens are not permitted for
transport as ‘diagnostic specimens’ and must be assigned to UN 2814 or UN
2900 and transported according to the requirements for infectious
substances. Shippers must exercise their professional judgment when
assessing the possible presence of pathogens from Risk Group 4.
Blood which has been collected for the purpose of blood transfusion or for
the preparation of blood products, and blood products or any tissues or
organs intended for use in transplants are not subject to the IATA
Dangerous Goods Regulations.
STEP 1
Classify
BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTS
Biological products are divided into three categories:
(1) Biological products containing pathogens in Risk Group 1
are not considered to be infectious substances and are not
subject to the provisions of the IATA DGRs.
(2) Biological products manufactured and packaged in accordance
with the requirements of national governmental health
authorities and transported for the purposes of final packaging
or distribution, and for use for personal health care by medical
professional or individuals are not subject to the requirements
for Division 6.2 substances.
(3) Biological products known or reasonably known to contain
pathogens in Risk Groups 2. 3 or 4 and which do not meet the
criteria of (2) above must be classified in Division 6.2 under UN
2814 or UN 2900 as appropriate.
Step 2
Identify
SHIPPER’S
RESPONSIBILITIES
 Assign, where relevant, each item
to one of three Packing Groups
(I, II or III)
 Identify the Proper Shipping
Name, UN Identification Number,
cargo and passenger aircraft
limitations and any special
provisions.
 Comply with IATA Regulations
Step 3
Select
Packaging
GENERAL PACKING
REQUIREMENTS
 Use only packaging permitted by
applicable Packaging Instructions
 Follow manufacturers instructions
 Use only certified package
configurations
 Restrict the overpack quantity to
design specifications
 Restrict quantity per package to the
specified limits
 Packaging must be:
 Good quality
 Strong enough
 Constructed to prevent loss of content
 Closed so as to prevent loss of
content
Step 5
Mark &
Label
MARKING AND LABELLING
Infectious Substances
Ventilation
Holes
Infectious substance, affecting humans
(Ebola virus) (liquid)
UN 2814 Net Qty 50ml
UN 1845, DRY ICE, Net Weight 2kg
Shipper:
Isolabs
130 Fauntleroy Ave
Redcliffe WA 6104
Consignee:
Northbank Hospital
123 Langtree Ave
Mildura VIC 3500
Emergency Contact: Sister Robins (08) 9475 4478
4H / CLASS 6.2 / 02
AUS / VB32
Step 5
Mark &
Label
MARKING AND LABELLING
Diagnostic Specimens
Ventilation
Holes
UN3373 DIAGNOSTIC SPECIMENS
UN 1845, DRY ICE, Net Weight 2kg
Shipper:
Isolabs
130 Fauntleroy Ave
Redcliffe WA 6104
Consignee:
Northbank Hospital
123 Langtree Ave
Mildura VIC 3500
Step 5
Mark &
Label
MARKING AND LABELLING
Overpack
Ventilation
Holes
Infectious substance, affecting animals (Bluetongue
virus) only (liquid) UN 2900, Net. Qty 200mL
Infectious substance, affecting animals (Goatpox
virus) only (liquid) UN 2900, Net. Qty 50 mL
UN 1845, DRY ICE, Net Weight 2kg
Shipper:
Isolabs
130 Fauntleroy Ave
Redcliffe WA 6104
Consignee:
Northbank Hospital
123 Langtree Ave
Mildura VIC 3500
Emergency Contact: Sister Robins (08) 9475 4478
INNER PACKAGES COMPLY WITH
PRESCRIBED SPECIFICATIONS
Step 6
Documentation
DOCUMENTATION
Step 6
Documentation
Step 6
Documentation
GENERAL REQUIREMENTS




Two colour formats
Legible (computerised or handwritten)
Two copies required by all Operators
Full signature required when any type of
amendment made except:
 Air waybill or con-note number
 Airport of Departure
 Airport of Destination
Step 7
Advance
Arrangements
TRANSPORT PLANNING
Advance Arrangements need to be made between
The Sender
The Carrier
The Receiver
 Partner relationship required between the three
parties
 All have specific responsibilities to carry out
Step 8
Emergency
Response
EMERGENCY RESPONSE
Emergency Response information must
accompany all shipments of dangerous
goods and must be available at all facilities
involved in the transport process.
Risk Reduction
Risk Management
CONCLUSION
The Civil Aviation Academy Australasia’s
‘Safe Transport of Infectious Substances
and Diagnostic Specimens’ Course is
CASA approved.
One-day tutorial course ($140 per person)
Via correspondence ($99 per person + $6
postage and handling).
For further information www.caaa.com.au
or ph. 1800 754 774.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Many thanks to Sue-anne Roberts and
Robyn McMenamin from the Civil
Aviation Academy Australasia Pty Ltd for
their assistance in putting this presentation
together.
THANK YOU