Transcript Chapter 2 Viruses and Bacteria

Chapter 2 Viruses and
Bacteria
Section 1 Viruses
Section 1: Viruses- Objectives
By the end of this lesson, you should be
able to:
 Give reasons why viruses are considered
to be non-living
 Describe the basic structure of a virus;
 Explain how viruses multiply
 1.
virus
A small, nonliving particle that invades
and then reproduces inside a living cell.
 2.
host
An organism that provides a source of
energy or a suitable environment for a
virus or for another organism to live.
 3.
parasite
An organism that lives on or in a host
and causes harm to the host.
 4.
bacteriophage
A virus that infects bacteria.
 1.
Biologists consider viruses to be nonliving because viruses are not
cells
_____________.
Viruses do not use
energy
grow
_____________
to __________
or to
respond
_____________
to their surroundings.
 2.
Viruses can only multiply when they
Inside a living cell
are ___________________.
 3.
List four ways viruses can be named
– 1) After the disease it causes. Ex. Polio virus
After the organism they infect. Ex- Tomato mosiac
– 2)
virus
– 3)
After the place where it was first found.
Ex. Ebola virus in Africa
– 4) After people. Ex, Epstein-Barr virus.
Named after scientists identified virus that
causes mononucleosis
 4.
All viruses have two basic parts: the
outer coat
___________________that
protects
_______________the
virus, and the
inner coat
_______________
that is made of
genetic material
________________.
 5.
Once inside, a virus’s
Genetic material
_____________________
takes over
functions
the cell’s ________________.
 6.
Common cold
_________________
is an example
of an active virus,
The virus that causes cold sores is an
while_____________________
example of a hidden virus.
 Read
pages 51-53. How Viruses
Multiply/Exploring.
Chapter 2 Viruses and
Bacteria
Section 2 Bacteria
Section 2: Bacteria- Objectives
By the end of this lesson, you should be
able to:
 Describe ways in which bacteria cells
are different from all other organisms’
cells
 List positive roles that bacteria play in
people’s lives
 Name the two kingdoms of bacteria and
tell how bacteria reproduce and survive.
 Review-
cytoplasm
The region of a cell located inside the
cell membrane (in prokaryotes) or
between the cell membrane and nucleus
(in eukaryotes); contains a gel-like
material and cell organelles.
 Review-ribosome
A tiny structure located in the
cytoplasm of a cell where proteins are
made.
 1.
flagellum
A long, whiplike structure that extends
out through the cell membrane and cell
wall.
 2.
binary fission
A form of asexual reproduction in which
one cell divides to form two identical
cells.
 3.
asexual reproduction
The reproductive process that involves
only one parent and produces offspring
that are identical to the parent.
 4.
sexual reproduction
The reproductive process that involves
two parents who combine their genetic
material to produce a new organism,
which differs from both parents.
 5.
conjugation
The process in which a unicellular
organism transfers some of its genetic
material to another unicellular organism.
 6.
respiration
The process of breaking down food to
release its energy.
 7.
endospore
A small, rounded, thick-walled, resting
cell that forms inside a bacterial cell.
 8.
decomposer
An organism that breaks down large
chemicals from dead organisms into
small chemicals and returns important
materials to the soil and water.
Notes
Bacteria
______________________
prokaryotes
are_____________________.
The
genetic material in their cells is not
nucleus
contained in the _________________.
 1.
 2.
List the three basic shapes of
bacteria and draw each one.
 First
shape-
spherical
 2.
List the three basic shapes of
bacteria and draw each one.
 Second
shape-
 2.
List the three basic shapes of
bacteria and draw each one.
 Third
shape-
spiral
3. List the cell structures present in a
bacterial cell
 1.
Cell wall


2.
ribosome

3.
Cell membrane

4.
Flagellum

5.
Genetic material

6.
Cytoplasm
 4.
Under ideal conditions, Bacteria can
20
reproduce once every __________
minutes.
 5.
List five good things bacteria do in
our world.
 1. Fuel. Ex. Methane produced by archaebacteria
 2. Food. Ex. Cheese, yogurt, apple cider
 3.
Environmental Recycling. Ex. Decomposers.
 4. Environmental Clean up – bacteria to clean up
oil spills.
 5.
Health and Medicine – bacteria that
helps you digest your food
Chapter 2 Viruses and
Bacteria
Section 3 Integrating
Health: Viruses, Bacteria,
and Your Health
Section 3: Viruses, Bacteria, and
Your Health- Objectives
By the end of this lesson, you should be
able to:
 Describe how infectious diseases spread
from person to person.
 Describe some ways in which infectious
diseases can be treated or prevented.
 1.
infectious disease
An illness that can pass from one
organism to another.
 2.
toxin
A poison that can harm an organism.
 3.
antibiotic
A chemical that can kill bacteria without
harming a person’s cells
 4.
vaccine
A substance that stimulates the body to
produce chemicals that destroy viruses,
bacteria, or other disease-causing
organisms.
Notes (read pg 69-70 first)
 1.
Explain the 4 ways infectious diseases
spread, and give an example of each.
 1. Contact with Infected Person-touching,
hugging, kissing, sneezes, coughs
 2.
Contact with Contaminated Object-eating
utensils, food water, cups
 3.
Contact with an Animal-rabies, mosquitoes
4
Contact with Environmental Sources-food,
water, soil
 Change
your number 2 to the following:
 2. For most infectious diseases, the
best treatment is:
Bed rest
 ____________________
resting
 ____________________
drinking lots of fluids
 ____________________
eating well balanced meals
 ____________________
 3.
Bacterial diseases
___________________________
can be cured with
antibiotics
___________________,
while with
Viral diseases
____________________________
you can only treat the
symptoms
__________________.
 4.
Penicillin (an antibiotic)
___________________________
works by weakening the
Cell wall
___________________________
and
cells
causing the __________________
to
burst
______________________.
 5.
The best way to protect yourself
against infectious diseases is to:
Keep your body healthy
 A.________________________
Eat nutritious foods
 B.________________________
Get plenty of rest, fluids, and exercise
 C.________________________
Washing hands, not sharing utensils, etc.
 D.________________________