Transcript Asceptic Techniques

ASEPTIC TECHNIQUE
Laminar Flow hood
Learning Objectives
• Explain the germ theory of disease—the
role of pathogenic organisms in causing
disease.
• Distinguish among viruses, bacteria, fungi,
and protozoa.
• Discuss the advantages and disadvantages
of various forms of sterilization.
• Identify sources and prevention of common
causes of contamination.
Learning Objectives
• Describe proper aseptic technique,
including the use of horizontal and vertical
laminar airflow hoods and the new United
States Pharmacopeia requirements.
• Discuss the importance of and techniques
for handling and disposing of hazardous
agents.
INFECTION CONTROL
• Development of the Germ Theory of Disease:
The identification of microorganisms as a cause
of infectious disease is a surprisingly recent
development. Pasteur was the originator of the
theory. In one experiment, he successfully
immunized chickens against chicken cholera.
INFECTION CONTROL
• Micoorganisms and Disease: Since the days of
Pasteur, thousands of pathogenic, or diseasecausing, microorganisms have been identified.
Bacteria, fungi, viruses, and protozoa are
examples of microorganisms that can be
harmful.
INFECTION CONTROL
• Asepsis and Sterilization: The preparation of
parenteral products, especially those for IV
administration, requires special aseptic
techniques, equipment, and procedures to
minimize contamination. Various types of
sterilization are available to kill
microorganisms from medical instruments,
devices, and surfaces.
Figure 10.1
(a)
(b)
(c)
Round cocci
Rodlike bacilli
Spiral-shaped spirochetes
INFECTION CONTROL
• Contamination: Accidental exposures require
immediate treatment, cleanup, reporting to the
supervisor, and completion of an incident
report. Contanination can occur in a pharmacy
by three primary means: touch, air and water.
ASPTIC TECHNIQUE AND
USP CHAPTER 797
Aseptic technique is used for the preparation
of parenteral admixtures, combinations of
fluids and/or medications or nutrients,
which are administered using bolus (i.e.,
push) or other intravenous (IV) methods.
Aseptic Technique
1. Remove all jewelry (e.g., watches,
rings, bracelets, necklaces.
Aseptic Technique
2. Put on shoe covers, head
covering/facial hair covering, nonshedding coats, gowns, or coveralls
(barrier clothing); and face masks.
Note that it is important to follow the
sequence of items indicated in this
step.
Aseptic Technique
3. Scrub hands and arms to the elbows
thoroughly with an antiseptic cleanser
(e.g., povidone-iodine or chlorhexidine
gluconate).
Aseptic Technique
4. Clean the laminar flow hood with
isopropyl alcohol. The alcohol must
remain in contact with the surface for
30 seconds prior to compounding any
sterile product.
Aseptic Technique
5. Place only essential materials under
the airflow hood—no paper, pens, or
labels. Remove the selected syringe(s)
from its overwrap, attach a needle,
then discard the waste.
Aseptic Technique
6. Scrub again and glove.
Aseptic Technique
7. Swab or spray needle-penetration
closures on vials, injection ports, and
other materials.
Aseptic Technique
8. Prepare the sterile product by
withdrawing the medication from vials
or ampules and introducing it into the
IV container.
Aseptic Technique
9. Complete a quality check of the
product for container integrity and
leaks, solution cloudiness, particulates,
color of solution, and proper
preparation of product.
Aseptic Technique
10. Present the product, the containers
and devices used, and the label to a
pharmacist for verification of the
product preparation.
Handling Issues
Safety Note!
• When working in the pharmacy lab clean
room, it is important to wear appropriate
sterile gear, including face mask, full head
covering, scrubs or gown with back closure,
and gloves.
Horizontal
Laminar Flow
Hood
Vertical LAFW
Handling Issues
Safety Note!
• Coughing and talking should be directed
away from the hood.
HANDLING AND DISPOSAL
OF HAZARDOUS AGENTS
• Receipt and Storage of Hazardous
Agents: Hazardous drugs should be
delivered directly to the storage area,
inventoried, and, if necessary, refrigerated.
Access to storage areas and work areas for
hazardous materials should be limited to
specified trained personnel.
HANDLING AND DISPOSAL
OF HAZARDOUS AGENTS
• Protective Clothing: A disposable, lintfree, nonabsorbent, closed-front gown with
cuffed sleeves should be worn. Hair and
shoe covers should be worn to reduce the
potential for particulate contamination.
Other protective clothing would include eye
protection, mask, and use of latex gloves
when disposing of damaged packages.
HANDLING AND DISPOSAL
OF HAZARDOUS AGENTS
• Technique for Handling Hazardous
Agents: Hazardous drugs such as cancer
chemotherapy require special techniques,
equipment, and procedures to protect the
health of the employee.
• Hazardous Agent Spills: Accidental
exposures require immediate treatment,
cleanup, reporting to the supervisor, and
completion of an incident report.
HANDLING AND DISPOSAL
OF HAZARDOUS AGENTS
• Procedures in Case of Exposure: Any
body area exposed should be flooded with
water and thoroughly cleansed with soap
and water. Dispose of contaminated
garments appropriately in specially
designated biohazard materials containers.
HANDLING AND DISPOSAL
OF HAZARDOUS AGENTS
• Hazardous Oral Dose Forms: The
counting and pouring of these drugs should
be done carefully, and contaminated
equipment such as counting trays should be
immediately cleaned with detergent and
rinsed. Compounding with any of these
drugs should be done in a protected area
away from drafts and traffic.
Handling Issues
Safety Note!
• With hazardous drugs, inject a volume of air
that is no more than 75% of the amount of
drug to be withdrawn.