Transcript Slide Show - Mary Walker School District

ANNUAL SCHOOL
UPDATES
2015/16
BBP
•The Bloodborne Pathogen
Standard was put into effect by
OSHA in Washington State in
May of 1992.
The purpose is to reduce the
occurrence of illness spread by
blood and body fluids by
protecting employees against
exposure.
OSHA’s Bloodborne
Pathogen standard describes
safeguards to protect
workers against the health
hazards from exposure to
blood and other potentially
infectious materials, and to
reduce their risks from these
exposures.
Who is covered by the
standard?
All employees who could be
“reasonably anticipated”
as the result of performing
their job duties to face
contact with blood and
other potentially infectious
materials
Most common:
› needle sticks
Cuts from other contaminated
sharps (scalpels, broken glass,
etc.)
Contact of mucous membranes
(for example, the eye, nose,
mouth) or broken (cut) skin with
contaminated blood
Disease
transmission
is a two-way street.
It is just as easy for
you to infect a
person with whom
you come in
contact as it is for
that person to infect
you.
A PATHOGEN IS A
DISEASE
PRODUCING
ORGANISM THAT
ENTERS THE BODY.
BASICALLY:
Bacteria
Pneumonia
E. Coli
Staph
Strep
TB
Gonorrhea
Syphilis
Chlamydia
Virus
HIV/AIDS
Polio
Ebola
Hanta
Shingles/Herpes
Measles
Hepatitis A/B/C
Fungus
Athletes Foot
Antibiotics
Thrush
Ringworm
What Is An Infection???
A growth of harmful
germs in the body….
Any disease causing
germ is called a
Pathogen but not all
Pathogens are
infectious or
communicable from one
person to another.
HIV/AIDS
Hep B is very viable and
can live on surfaces for
many days.
According to
research,
Hepatitis B is
100 times more
infectious than the
AIDS virus.
 LETHARGY
 LOSS OF APPETITE
 FEVER
 VOMITING
 YELLOW SKIN AND
EYES
(JAUNDICE)
 DARK COLORED URINE
 LIGHT COLORED STOOL
United States Hepatitis B
Statistics:
12 million Americans have been infected with
Hep B (approximately 1:20)
Up to 100,000 new people will become infected
each year
5,000 people will die each year from Hepatitis B
and its complications
Approximately 1 healthcare worker dies each
day from Hepatitis B




2 billion people have
been infected
400 million are
chronically infected
10-30 million will
become infected
each year
1 million people die
each year from
hepatitis B and its
complications
Many people with
Hepatitis B have
no symptoms and
do not realize they
have the disease
NO CURE
Fluids
Rest
Healthy diet
Avoid alcohol and
some medications
Three doses and your series
is complete!!
If you miss a dose you don’t
have to start over!!
There is STILL no booster
dose recommended at this
time.
Hepatitis C
Hepatitis C is a liver disease
caused by the
Hepatitis C virus (HCV).
Often it is a silent, chronic
infection that leads to
cirrhosis, liver failure, liver
cancer and death.
80% of people infected with
Hep C have NO symptoms
Approximately 3.2 million
Americans infected with
Hepatitis C.
Most Hepatitis C infections
are due to sharing drug
injection equipment with a
HCV infected person
There is no
vaccination for Hepatitis C
People can become infected
with the Hepatitis C virus
during such activities as:
The risk of
transmission
from sexual
contact is
believed to be
low.
 LETHARGY
 LOSS OF APPETITE
 ABDOMINAL PAIN
 NAUSEA
 VOMITING
 YELLOW SKIN
AND
EYES (JAUNDICE)
 URINE THAT IS DARK
IN COLOR
No
cure
Treatment is limited
Rest and
fluids
Avoid alcohol
and some medicines
NO VACCINE!!
TAKING THE SAME PRECAUTIONS
THAT PROTECT YOU FROM
HEPATITIS b AND HIV WILL
HELP PREVENT TRANSMISSION
OF HCV IN THE WORKPLACE.
HIV/AIDS IS STILL HERE AND IT IS
STILL A SERIOUS DISEASE BUT
THE PICTURE FOR PATIENTS IN
THE UNITED STATES TODAY IS
DIFFERENT THAN THE PICTURE
FROM 30, 15 OR EVEN 5 YEARS
AGO.
LIFE EXPECTANCY HAS
IMPROVED DRAMATICALLY.
AIDS COCKTAILS WORK
TOGETHER TO:
DELAY
THE PROGRESSION
OF AIDS
HELP REBUILD AND
MAINTAIN THE IMMUNE
SYSTEM
REDUCE COMPLICATIONS
RISK FACTORS REMAIN
UNCHANGED:
Main Transmitting Fluids
include:
Blood
Semen
Vaginal Fluids
Breast Milk
Modes of Transmission
• Sex- including vaginal, oral or anal
• Contaminated hypodermic
needles
• Exchange between mother and
baby during pregnancy, childbirth
or breastfeeding
• Any other exposure to previously
mentioned body fluids
Signs/Symptoms of HIV
Acute retroviral
syndrome
 There
are two distinct distinct
strains of the virus
 When people talk of the HIV
virus they are referring, most
likely, to HIV 1
 The effects are similar in both
strains but HIV-2 is only found
in certain areas in the western
portions of Africa.
CASUAL
CONTACT
ANIMALS OR
INSECTS
TOILET
SEATS
SHARING
FOOD
OR
DRINKING
GLASSES
BEING
COUGHED
ON
TELEPHONES
 FEVER
 WEIGHT
LOSS
 SWOLLEN LYMPH NODES
 THRUSH (WHITE PATCHES IN
MOUTH)
 CERTAIN CANCERS (KAPOSIS
SARCOMA)
 LUNG INFECTIONS
Taking medication
to control HIV is
no small matter.
Pills must be taken
on a regular
schedule every day
and if a dose is
missed only once,
HIV may mutate
and become
resistant.
ASTHMA
WHAT IS ASTHMA?
• A reversible, obstructive lung disease
caused by an excessive reaction of
the airways to certain stimuli or
“triggers”
•One of the Reactive Airway
Diseases (RAD) that is treatable
•A life-threatening disease if not
properly managed
ASTMA IS A CHRONIC DISEASE
ASTHMA CAN LEAD TO
UNNECESSARY RESTRICTIONS AT
SCHOOL
ASTHMA IS THE LEADING CAUSE
OF SCHOOL ABSENTEEISM.
ASTHMA CAN BE CONTROLLED
WITH PROPER TREATMENT
Some Troubling Asthma Statistics:
o One in 12 people (about 25 million or 8% or the
U.S. population) had asthma in 2009.
oApproximately 1 in 10 children (10%) have
asthma
o185 children and 3,262 adults died from asthma
in 2007.
oIn 2010, 3 out of 5 children who have asthma
had one or more attacks in the previous 12
months.
oAn estimated 300 million people worldwide
suffer from asthma, with 250,000 annual deaths
attributed to the disease.
o70% of asthmatics also have allergies
-from the American Academy of Allergy Asthma and Immunology
There are Three Components
of an Asthma Attack
1. Bronchospasm
The smooth muscles that
wrap around the
windpipe (bronchi)
tighten, reducing the size
of the airway.
2.
Inflammation
The mucosal lining of the
windpipe becomes
inflamed and swells, thereby
reducing the size of the
airway even further
3. Mucous
Increased mucus
production takes up
more space; now the
airway is very
constricted.
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF
AN ASTHMA ATTACK
Wheezing, coughing
Shortness of breath
Chest feels tight
Dry mouth
Fatigue
Itchy chin or
clipped speech
Headache
“I don’t feel well”
HOW CAN YOU HELP?
Relax, DON’T PANIC!!
Reassure the student
and try to calm them
Refer to the student’s
health care plan
Recognize the early signs
and symptoms of an asthma
attack
HOW TO ASSIST THE
STUDENT
• Call or have someone call for help;
DO NOT EVER LEAVE STUDENT ALONE…
• Ask student if they have an inhaler
• Get their attention and demonstrate:
- Pursed-lip breathing—slowly in
through nose then out through
pursed lips.
- Belly breathe to relax and calm
student
• Wheezing or coughing
increases after taking
medications
• Difficulty breathing
-retractions seen
-hunched over position
• Child has trouble walking or
talking, or stops playing and
cannot start again
• Lips or fingernails appear “blue”
PREVENTION:
KNOW YOUR STUDENT’S ASTHMA
ATTACK TRIGGERS!
HERE ARE SOME OF THE MOST
COMMON ONES:
How to Use the
Student’s Health Care Plan
Read the health care plan
developed by the school nurse
Know your student’s
asthma triggers
Be familiar with emergency
action plans
Contact school nurse
with questions
SEIZURES
SEIZURES
•Brief episodes of disorderly
electrical activity in the brain
which affects its normal
functions and produces changes
in a person’s
movements,
behavior,
or consciousness.
DID YOU KNOW?
¤ 2,000,000 people in the U.S.
have some form of Epilepsy.
¤ 300,000 of those are under age
18.
¤ 100,000 new cases are reported
each year.
¤ In 70% of cases, the cause is
unknown
TYPES OF SEIZURES
Generalized tonic-clonic (grand mal)
Absence
Atonic
Infantile spasms
Simple partial
Complex partial
Myoclonic
ABSENCE SEIZURES
Very brief, last only a few
seconds, and look like a
blank stare, or daydreaming.
The person is completely
unaware of his
surroundings.
They begin and
end suddenly.
TONIC-CLONIC SEIZURES
•Person blanks out, falls,
stiffens, then jerks
uncontrollably for a minute or
two.
FIRST AID FOR SEIZURES
Call 911 if the student does NOT
have a history of seizures, OR if the
seizure lasts more than 5 minutes OR
if the student stops breathing
Cushion the head
Loosen tight
neckwear
Turn student on their
side if possible; do not
force.
Move large objects away from
student
Place nothing in the mouth
Look for ID
Don’t hold student
down
As seizure ends,
offer help and
assurance
Notify parents
In The Classroom
oBe familiar with the needs of your
students with chronic illnesses.
oReview their health care plans to be
prepared to assist in an emergency.
oDocument seizure activity (duration,
characteristics) in the student’s log
attached to the health care plan.
oBe sure substitutes are aware
of student’s health concerns
oCall your school nurse with specific
questions
DIABETES
What Is Diabetes?
A disorder of the pancreas
-The pancreas stops making insulin
which is an essential hormone in the body.
Insulin is the key that opens up the cell
to allow glucose to enter.
Glucose is used by every cell in the body
for energy
INSULIN
Without insulin, glucose cannot
enter the cell.
Glucose stays in the
bloodstream, creating high
levels of blood sugar.
NOT contagious Is caused by the
body’s inability to
make insulin
NOT caused by Results in high
eating too much blood sugar levels
Can be treated only
sugar
with a combination
of insulin, diet and
exercise
Hyperglycemia
(High Blood Sugar Is Generally
NOT A Medical Emergency)
May occur if student:
-Is
becoming ill
–Eats too much
–Misses insulin dose
–Is under a lot of stress
Symptoms of
Hyperglycemia
Treatment of Hyperglycemia
• Test blood sugar
• Check Health Care Plan.
• Notify parents if over
250mg/dL
• Exercise
• Drink water
• Insulin
Hypoglycemia
Most likely to occur:
 When meals or snacks are missed or
delayed
When strenuous activity occurs just
before lunch
During a lengthy field trip or field
day activity.
SYMPTOMS OF LOW BLOOD
SUGAR
Student’s with Hypoglycemia will:
 Have a blood sugar level below
80mg
 Need treatment depending on type
of reaction.
Three levels of reactions:
1.
2.
3.
Conscious and able to swallow
Conscious but uncooperative
or disoriented
Unconscious or having a
seizure
Treatment of Hypoglycemia
1.Conscious and able to swallow:
–
–
–
–
Regular soda pop (not diet)
Juice
Milk
Glucose tablets--start with 2
 Symptoms should improve
within 15-20 minutes. If not,
repeat.
 If longer than 1 hour until next
meal or snack, give small snack
containing protein (cheese
crackers or milk)
Treatment of Hypoglycemia
2.Conscious, but uncooperative,
or disoriented
-Give glucose gel, tube of clear
frosting or packet of honey
-Lay student on side
and squeeze into
pocket of the
cheek
Treatment of Hypoglycemia
3.Unconscious or having a
seizure
– Call 911 immediately
– Give nothing by mouth
– Notify parents
HEALTH CARE PLAN
Be familiar with specific emergency
plan for each diabetic student
Contact school nurse with questions
Know where student’s supplies and
snacks are stored
Have easy access to
emergency contact
phone numbers
Notify substitute teacher
of location of health care
plan
Hints for Success
 Develop good relationship with
parents/guardians; they know your
student’s health concerns well.
 Follow accommodations as listed in the
health care plan.
 Notify family early of field trip plans.
 Notify family of special events
that may involve classroom treats
or changes in the school lunch
schedule.
 Don’t hesitate to ask questions
about care.
ALLERGYand
ANAPHYLAXIS
Allergic Reactions
Types of life-threatening allergies
usually seen in students:
Insects, Bees
Peanuts and
Tree Nuts
Foods
Latex
THE BIG EIGHT
THE MOST COMMON FOOD
ALLERGENS IN CHILDREN
Latex Allergies
Some special needs students, such as those
with spina bifida, have latex precautions or
allergies.
Items that may contain latex (rubber) in the
classroom include:
– Toys
– Gloves
– Pencil Erasers
– Balloons
Be sure to use non-latex
gloves and avoid these items
in the classroom.
Nut and Peanut Allergies
• Students can be allergic to only tree nuts
(almonds, walnuts, etc) and OK to eat
peanuts.
• Some students can be allergic to only
peanuts and OK to eat tree nuts.
• Items that contain nuts are not always
obvious. If there is any question,
substitute the questionable food item with
a known “safe” replacement.
• The student’s specific allergies will be
identified in the health care plan.
Anaphylaxis
• When the allergic reaction is
life-threatening, it is called
ANAPHYLAXIS.
• Students with Anaphylaxis should
have a health care plan prepared by
the school nurse.
• Teachers who have students with
Anaphylaxis should be familiar with
the care plan and emergency actions
necessary.
Anaphylaxis Symptoms
• Throat “closing
off”
• Rapid onset
• Sweating
• Weakness
• Feelings of
apprehension
• Tingling in mouth,
face, or throat
• Itching
• Wheezing
• Shallow
respirations
• Loss of
consciousness
• Vomiting
• Stomach cramps
• Diarrhea
DON’T IGNORE WHAT MIGHT SEEM LIKE
COMMON COMPLAINTS IF A CHILD HAS A
HISTORY OF ANAPHYLAXIS.
TINGLING
STOMACH
APPREHENSION
ITCHY
LIPS
ACHE
SWEATING
HANDS
TOSKIN
THROAT
What is an “Epi-pen”?
• Many people with Anaphylaxis carry an
“Epi-pen” with them at all times.
• An “Epi-pen” contains a single dose of
epinephrine (adrenalin) that when given, will
open the airways for approximately 15 minutes
and allow them to breathe.
• This is only temporary relief.
You must also call 911 when a student
has an Anaphylaxic reaction.
How To Use An Epi-pen
• Remove safety cap when ready to use.
• Place tip on thigh at right angle to leg.
You do not need to remove the clothing.
• Press hard, through the clothing, into
the thigh until you
hear a click.
• Hold for 10 seconds
against thigh.
Epi-pen Use
• Massage injection area for 10 seconds.
• Call 911 immediately
• Put Epi-pen back into its plastic cylinder to send
with the student when EMS arrives.
• Note the time you used the Epi-pen.
• Be prepared to initiate CPR if breathing stops.
AUVI-Q
A VOICE
COMMAND
EPINEPHRINE
ADMINISTRATION
SYSTEM
TWO DIFFERENT
DOSES: ONE FOR
CHILDREN AND ONE
FOR ADULTS
WE MAY SEE
THESE AT
SCHOOL THIS
YEAR BUT
CERTAINLY WE
WILL SEE THEM
NEXT YEAR!!
Be Prepared
• Know your student’s specific health
concerns.
• Review and be familiar with the
health care plan.
• Call your school nurse with
questions.
• Know where the Epi-pen is to be
stored: carried by student or
kept with other medications in the school
office.
This is only basic
Epi-pen information
You MUST receive
one-on-one training
from a school nurse
prior to administering
an Epi-pen
CONCUSSION
What is a Concussion?
• A concussion is an injury that changes how
the cells in the brain normally work.
A concussion is caused by a blow to the
head or body that causes the brain to move
rapidly inside the skull.
• Even a mild bump or blow to the head can
be serious.
• Concussion often occur when
players collide with each other or
with obstacles; even if they
do not directly hit their head.
Concussion Facts
• A concussion is a brain injury
• All concussions are serious
• Concussions can occur without
loss of consciousness
• Concussions can occur in any sport
• Recognition and proper
management of concussions when
they first occur can help prevent
further injury or even death.
What Are Symptoms of a Concussion?
• Headache or ‘pressure’ in the
head
• Nausea or vomiting
• Balance problems or dizziness
• Double or blurry vision
• Bothered by light and/or noise
• Feeling sluggish, hazy , foggy
or groggy
• Difficulty paying attention
• Memory problems
•
Confusion
• Does not ‘feel right’.
• The potential for concussions is
greatest in athletic environments
where collisions are common.
• Concussions can occur in ANY
organized or unorganized sport or
recreational activity.
• As many as 3.8 million
sports and recreation
related concussions occur
in the United States each
year.
On July 26, 2009, House Bill 1824-known
as the Zackery Lystedt Law-became
effective.
• All athletes and their parents must sign
and return an informed consent form
relating to the nature and risk of
concussion or head injury.
• All coaches must be educated in the
nature and risk of concussion or head
injury prior to the first
practice/competition. This education
includes s/s of concussion or head
injury.
• Washington State law
goes further than many
by regulating the return of
players who have
sustained a head injury.
• In addition to
Washington state,
Oregon and other states
are proposing or
establishing laws
mandating annual
concussion
training for
coaches in
youth sports.
INFLUENZA
Continue to follow ‘common sense’
guidelines including:
• Get Your Flu Shots
• Wash Your Hands;
use alcohol-based
hand sanitizer when
soap and water are
not available
• Cover your mouth
when you cough
and sneeze.
Dispose of tissues
promptly
• Cough/Sneeze into
your sleeve
• Keep hands away
from eyes, nose
and mouth
• Stay Healthy; eat
well, get plenty of
rest, limit stress
• Try to avoid contact
with sick people
• Stay at home if you
are sick to limit
exposure to others
1. WASHING YOUR HANDS WITH SOAP
AND WATER REMOVES 90% OF
BACTERIAL MICROBES
2. JUST 10-15 SECONDS OF
HANDWASHING IS ENOUGH TO
REMOVE TROUBLESOME MICROBES(SING ‘HAPPY BIRTHDAY’ OR ‘ABC’S’)
3. SOAP ACTS AS A SURFACTANT
LIFTING BACTERIA FROM HANDS.
THE FDA STATES ANTIBACTERIAL SOAPS
SHOULD NOT BE USED IN PLACE OF
REGULAR SOAP AND WATER DUE TO
TRICLOSAN FOUND IN THESE PRODUCTS.
‘DUE TO THE RISK OF RESISTANT
BACTERIA, THE USE OF ANTIBACTERIAL
PRODUCTS SHOULD NOT BE ROUTINELY
USED BY CONSUMERS.’
--UCLA INFECTIOUS DISEASE PROGRAM
Wash Your
Hands
Frequently
Throughout the
Day!!
Do It Right
BE AN EXAMPLE
• Use Soap and Warm Water
• Use Friction and Scrub hard
• Rinse thoroughly with warm
water
• Use lotion to keep hands softgerms can enter through
chapped skin!
Get Your Flu Shot:
It not only protects you but also
protects your family,
co-workers and all the little
monsters who depend on you!
REMEMBER….
HEALTHY LITTLE MONSTERS LEARN BETTER!
HAVE A
WONDERFUL
YEAR!!