Transcript Food Security, Public Health and Other Consequences of Animal

"One Health"
Food Security, Public Health and
Other Consequences of Animalborne Illnesses
Sharon Jackson
Food Security, Public Health and Other
Consequences of Animal-borne Illnesses
• What is “One Health?”
• Why is it important?
Food Security, Public Health and Other
Consequences of Animal-borne Illnesses
One Health
affects Food Security
affects Nutritional Status
affects Immunity
affects Disease
Susceptibility
Food Security, Public Health and Other
Consequences of Animal-borne Illnesses
Key characteristic – Human Nutrition
Goats and chickens are important
sources of nutrition
Food Security, Public Health and Other
Consequences of Animal-borne Illnesses
Food Security, Public Health and Other
Consequences of Animal-borne Illnesses
• Advantage of goats and chickens in food
security
– No requirement for formal feed inputs
• Sustainability of goats and chickens in
agricultural production
– Food
– Non-food animal products
• Fertilizer
• hair
Food Security, Public Health and Other
Consequences of Animal-borne Illnesses
• Animal and human burden of disease
– Avian influenza
• May cause significant disease if a highly pathogenic variant
in both domestic birds and humans
• Spread by infectious droppings or aerosols
– Newcastle disease
• May cause significant disease in domestic birds , minor
disease in humans
• Spread by infectious aerosols
– Brucellosis
• May have significant disease in humans, may be
asymptomatic in goats
• Spread by contact with infectious material, including milk
Food Security, Public Health and Other
Consequences of Animal-borne Illnesses
• Loss of protein provided goats and chickens
– Adults and child development
• Less wealth accumulation
– Loss or reduction in eggs and milk
Food Security, Public Health and Other
Consequences of Animal-borne Illnesses
• The relationship between nutrition and
human immune function
– Protein
– Micronutrients (vitamins and minerals)
Food Security, Public Health and Other
Consequences of Animal-borne Illnesses
“Malnutrition is estimated to be an underlying
cause of death for 55 percent of all deaths in
children under 15 years old in the developing
world from perinatal causes and infectious
diseases.”
Source: Infectious Disease Epidemiology
Kenrad Nelsen et al
Food Security, Public Health and Other
Consequences of Animal-borne Illnesses
• Malnutrition and infectious disease
susceptibility and maternal health
– Impact on pregnancy, parturition and postparturition
– Impact of low birth weight
– Circulation of common childhood and other
diseases
– Circulation of neglected diseases of the
developing world
Food Security, Public Health and Other
Consequences of Animal-borne Illnesses
• Diarrheal disease – Vitamins A, D, B12, folate,
copper, iron, manganese, selenium, zinc
• Lower respiratory infections – Vitamin D,
calcium, zinc
• Measles – Vitamin A
• TB – Vitamin A, D (malnutrition is a major risk
factor for progression)
• Malaria – Vitamin A, zinc
Food Security, Public Health and Other
Consequences of Animal-borne Illnesses
• Health, nutrition, and economic costs and
productivity
– Ability to perform work
– Costs of medical care
– Ability to contribute to the non-farm economy
– Ability to provide for family members
– DALY and QALY
Food Security, Public Health and Other
Consequences of Animal-borne Illnesses
• Other health effects
– Chronic disease
“…infectious agents likely determine more cancers,
immune mediated syndromes, neurodevelopmental
disorders and other chronic conditions than
currently appreciated.”
Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 12, No. 7, July 2006
O’Connor, Taylor, and Hughes
Food Security, Public Health and Other
Consequences of Animal-borne Illnesses
Questions?