Transcript What is the Lymphatic System?

Lymphatic Rap
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watch?v=iTOEfrCQze8
What is the Lymphatic System?
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includes a network of vessels that transport fluids
composed of cells and biochemicals that travel in lymphatic vessels, and organs and glands
that produce them
Main Function:
- to transport excess fluid away from interstitial spaces in tissues and return it to bloodstream
- enables us to live in world with other organisms, some live in/on human body and may cause
infectious diseases
-lymphatic system launch generalized and targeted attacks against "foreign" particles, enabling
the body to destroy infectious microorganism and viruses
-also protects against toxins and cancer cells
Lymph
Lymph - Colorless fluid made up of H20, proteins, sugar, and fat. Lymph flows through the
lymphatic pathways
- It is formed when interstitial fluid is collected by lymph capillaries while the
surrounding
cells add or remove substances.
- After going through lymph vessels and lymph nodes, it exits through the subclavian vein.
Lymphatic Vessels
- Lymphatic vessels transport excess fluid away from interstitial spaces between cells in most
tissues & returns it to the bloodstream.
- Lymphatic pathways start as lymphatic capillaries that merge to form larger vessels that empty
into the circulatory system.
Lymphatic Vessels cont.
Lymphatic Pathway
-Lymph formed in blood→Initial
lymphatics→Collecting lymphatics→Lymph
nodes→Lymphatic duct→Subclavian
Veins→Back to blood.
Thymus
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stores immature
lymphocytes
prepares them to
become active T
cells
located in chest,
above the heart
Adenoids (a.k.a tonsils)
- Similar to lymph nodes in function.
- Adenoids become enlarged due to reaction
to foreign invaders.
- By adulthood, most people's adenoids have
disappeared.
Lymph Nodes
two primary functions:
- filtering potentially harmful particles from
lymph before returning to bloodstream
- monitoring body fluids (immune surveillance)
provided by lymphocytes and macrophages
Lymph Nodes
Lymph Node - Small, bean shaped, swellings in the lymphatic system where
lymph is filtered, and lymphocytes are formed.
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located along lymphatic pathways
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contain large amounts of lymphocytes & macrophages
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vary in size & shape, usually less than 2.5 cm long
to see a realistic picture
of a lymph node look on
page 380
Spleen
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Largest lymphatic organ, in upper left portion of the abdominal cavity,
inferior to diaphragm. Resembles a lymph node.
Acts primarily as a blood filter
o removes old red blood cells
o contains macrophages
o promotes tissue healing
Lymphatic Capillaries
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microscopic, closed tubes
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extend into interstitial spaces
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forms networks that are parallel to blood capillaries
Lymphatic Vessels
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walls are similar to
veins, but thinner
also have flaplike valves
that prevent backflow of
lymph
vessels merge to form
larger lymphatic trunks
no central pump, and so
lymph must be
transported by
contractions of the
vessels
Lymphatic Trunks & Collecting Ducts
Lymphatic trunks- drain lymph from lymphatic vessels
-join one of the collecting ducts (thoracic or right lymphatic ducts)
Thoracic duct
- larger and longer collecting duct
-recieves lymph from lower limbs & abdominal areas, left upper limb, and
left side of thorax, head, and neck
- empties into left subclavian vein near left jugular vein
Right lymphatic duct
-recieves lymph from right side of head and neck, right upper limb, and right
thorax
-empties into right subclavian vein near right juglar vein
Cleansing Lymphatic System
- System does not have a pump & requires
physical activity in order to be cleared.
- Lymphatic system may also be cleaned
thorough "cleansers".
- effects are negotiable.
Lymphedema
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Lymphedema-chronic swelling of the limbs caused by accumulation of lymph
fluid that occurs if the lymphatic system is damaged or not functioning
properly.
cause-surgery to remove lymph nodes
secondary-medicines such as tamoxifen,
to lymph nodes
nolvadex, radiation therapy and injury
primary-present at birth or develop during puberty or adulthood.
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symptoms- feeling of clothes and jewelry of the wrist and hands are too tight,
fullness, less flexibility in hands, wrists, ankles
treatments of lymphedema- include compression garments such as stockings or
sleeves, proper diet and skin care, and fluid drainage
elevation of arm or leg that is swelled and gentle exercise
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castleman disease
Castleman disease-a rare illness that affects your lymph nodes and
other immune-cell structures of your body
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causes-human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) (multicentric)
-also linked to development of Kaposi's sarcoma (cancerous tumor of the
blood vessel walls) common in people with multicentric castleman
disease
may cause malfunctioning immune system cells to reproduce rapidly
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symptoms- two types 1. Unicentric 2. Multicentric
Unicentric- Feeling of fullness or pressure in the chest or abdomen,
enlarged lump under the skin in the neck, groin or armpit, weight loss,
cough, anemia
Multicentric- fever, night sweats, loss of appetite, nausea and vomiting,
weight loss, weakness, fatigue
continue of castleman disease
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treatments:
unicentric- 1. surgically removing the diseased lymph
node
2. medications- monoclonal antibody rituximab or
corticosteroids to shrink the lymph node
3. radiation therapy
Multicentric- therapies including monoclonal antibodies,
chemotherapy, antiviral drugs, immune modulators
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elephantiasis
elephantiasis- infection of the lymphatic vessels causes a
thickening of the skin and enlargement of underlying tissues,
especially in the legs and genitals
causes- obstruction of the lymph flow and possibly of blood
circulation
recurrent attacks of a bacterial infection =
inflammation of
the lymphatic vessels
in Africa, may be related to the red soil on which certain
barefooted populations live
symptoms- an abnormal accumulation of watery fluid in the
tissues=severe swelling
a thickened, pebbly appearance and become ulcerated and
darkened
treatments- Albendazole, Diethylcarbamazine, Ivermectin,
Doxycycline for worm infestations, rigorous hygiene of the
lymph fluid flow promotions, and surgical treatments
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Lymphatic Filariasis
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a disease in which parasitic worms infiltrate the lymph
system via the bite of a mosquito
-about 120 million people worldwide are affected by this
disease
causes- infection with nematodes (roundworms) of the
family Filarioidea
-adult worms go into the system and disrupt the immune
system, live for 6-8 years and produce millions of
microfilariae (small larvae)
-transmitted by different types of mosquitos
symptoms- usually unaware of illness, but could include:
hardening and thickening of the skin (elephantiasis),
swelling of the legs, arms, breasts and genitals
Lymphatic filariasis
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treatments- albendazole plus either ivermectin or
diethylcarbamazine citrate
mosquito control- insecticide-treated nets or indoor
residual spraying
chronic disabilities like elephantiasis, lymphoedema, or
hydrocele are advised to maintain rigorous hygiene and
take necessary precautions to prevent secondary
infections
Key Terms
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Lymphatic capillaries- microscopic, closed-ended tubes
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lymphatic pathway-pattern of connected vessels that transport lymph
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lymph nodes- mass of lymphoid tissue
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lymphatic vessels- thinner than veins, have flaplike valves that help prevent backflow of
lymph
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lymphatic trunks- drains lymph from lymphatic vessels
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thoracic duct- larger and longer collecting duct
Clinical Terms related to Lymphatic system
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asplenia- absence of spleen
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immunocompetence- ability to produce an immune response to antigens
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lymphadenectomy- surgical removal of lymph nodes
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lymphadenopathy- enlargement of lymph nodes
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lymphadenotomy- incision of lymph node
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lymphocytosis- too many lymphocytes in blood
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lymphocytopenia- too few lymphocytes in blood
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lymphoma- tumor composed of lymphatic tissue
Rapid Review
How does the lymphatic system help us maintain homeostasis?
Why is thymus important to our bodies?
What are the main functions of the Lymphatic system?
How do plasma proteins in tissue fluid after lymph formation?
What are the major functions of lymph?
Test Questions
How does the lymphatic system help us maintain homeostasis?
Why is thymus important to our bodies?
What are the main functions of the Lymphatic system?
What are the general functions of the lymphatic system?
Distinguish between the thoraci duct and the right lyphatic duct?
What is the relationship between tissue fluid and lymph?
How do plasma proteins in tissue fluid after lymph formation?
What are the major functions of lymph?
Works Cited
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" Lymphatic System: Facts, Functions & Diseases | LiveScience ." Science News – Science Articles and Current Events | LiveScience .
N.p., n.d. Web. 3 June 2013. <http://www.livescience.com/26983-lymphatic-system.html>.
"Castleman disease: Symptoms - MayoClinic.com." Mayo Clinic. N.p., n.d. Web. 3 June 2013.
<http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/castleman-disease/DS01000/DSECTION=symptoms>.
"Castleman disease: Treatments and drugs - MayoClinic.com." Mayo Clinic. N.p., n.d. Web. 3 June 2013.
<http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/castleman-disease/DS01000/DSECTION=treatments-and-drugs>.
"Castleman disease: Causes - MayoClinic.com." Mayo Clinic. N.p., n.d. Web. 3 June 2013.
<http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/castleman-disease/DS01000/DSECTION=causes>.
"Lymph system: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia." National Library of Medicine - National Institutes of Health. N.p., n.d. Web. 3 June
2013. <http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002247.htm>.
"Elephantiasis." Elephantiasis. N.p., n.d. Web. 3 June 2013. <http://elephantiasis.freeyellow.com/>.
"Lymphatic System: Facts, Functions & Diseases." livescience.com/. N.p., n.d. Web. 2 June 2013. <www.livescience.com/26983lymphatic-system.html <-- >.