Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
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Transcript Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Lupus Erythematosus
Dr. Mohamed nasr
Types of Lupus:
Cutaneous (skin) lupus
primarily affects the skin but may involve the hair and mucous
membranes
also commonly called discoid lupus
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
affects any system in the body
Drug-induced lupus erythematosus (DILE)
Side effect of long term use of certain medications
Symptoms overlap with those of SLE
Neonatal lupus
very rare
acquired from the passage of maternal autoantibodies
Cutaneous Lupus
ACUTE: Typical photosensitive malar rash
when acute
Highly associated with systemic LE (almost 100%)
SUBACUTE: This variant is psoriasiform or
annular
~50% of these patients will meet criueria for SLE
CHRONIC: ie Discoid Lupus
Most patients (85-90% never develop systemic lupus)
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Chronic autoimmune
disease
Most common form
of lupus
Autoantibodies
produced by own
immune system
recognize own DNA as
foreign
Lupus “wolf”
Understanding the causes:
Unknown
Possible Factors:
genetics
environmental
hormonal
May explain why lupus
occurs more frequently
in females than in
males
NOT infectious
Screening and Diagnosis:
Difficult
Usually takes months to even years
Laboratory tests:
Antinuclear antibody (ANA) test that detects the presence
of autoantibodies that attack your own cells
blood tests for anemia, low white-cell count,
abnormalities in organ function
urinalysis
electrocardiogram or echocardiogram to check the heart
chest x-ray
Eleven Criteria Used for the Diagnosis
of Lupus:
Malar Rash
Rash over cheeks
Discoid Rash
Red raised patches
Photosensitivity
Reaction to sunlight
Oral Ulcers
Ulcers in nose or mouth
Arthritis
Two or more joints
Serositis
Pleuritis or pericarditis
Eleven Criteria cont…
Renal Disorder
Excessive protein in the urine or cast.
Neurologic Disorder
Seizures
Hematologic Disorder
Hemolytic anemia or leukopenia
Immunologic Disorder
Positive anti-double stranded anti-DNA test
Antinuclear Antibody
Positive test
Why organs are attacked:
Due to autoantibodies
Also referred to as anti-nuclear antibodies
Antibodies produced by the immune system
Attack the RNA and DNA in the nucleus of own cells
Systems Affected
Musculoskeletal system
-- avascular necrosis
-- muscle inflammation
Kidney system
Nervous system
-- seizures
-- nerve paralysis
-- severe depression
-- psychosis
-- strokes
Blood and Lymph system
-- anemia
-- thrombocytopenia
Systems Affected
Stomach, Intestines, Liver, and Associated Organs
-- ulcers
-- abdominal pains
Skin and Hair
-- rash and alopecia
Heart and Blood Vessels
-- pericarditis
-- arthrosclerosis
-- spasms of the artery
Lungs
-- pleurisy, pneumonia, and pleural effusion
Eyes
-- rarely involved except for retina
The simplest of treatments include:
1- Anti-inflammatory drugs like Aspirin.
2- Anti- malarial drugs.
3- Immunosuppressive medications.
4- Corticosteroids.
Subacute Cutaneous Lupus
Erythematosus
Widespread, non-scarring but often
photosensitive rash.
Annular or papulosquamous morphology.
Mild systemic disease common but renal
involvement rare.
Positive ANA in most patients, but anti-nDNA
uncommon.
Anti-Ro in two thirds patients.
Subacute Cutaneous Lupus
Discoid Lupus Erythematous (DLE)
Most scarring and chronic form of
cutaneous lupus.
Discoid shaped plaques with white scale,
with time, lesions become atrophic.
Can lead to scarring alopecia.
Few patients meet criteria for SLE (6%).
The characteristics of DLE lesions:
1. Persistent localized erythema.
2. Adherent scales related to the dilated
follicles.
3. Follicular plugging.
4. Redness & telangiectasia of the border.
5. Atrophy & scarring of the center.
Follicular Plugging
Diagnosis = lupus band test
Presence of IgG & C in linear pattern at
dermo-epidermal junction below lamina
densa in involved sun-exposed skin
only.
Treatment:
Treat with intralesional or topical steroids,
sun avoidance & antimalarial if severe or
large areas involved.