Transcript Introduction - Shreeram Radhakrishnan Memorial Trust

Presentation 1
Introduction
Contents
• Global Tuberculosis Scenario
• Burden of Tuberculosis in India
•RNTCP- Evolution, objectives, structure, achievements
NTF Presentations for RNTCP Sensitization First edition 10 th Nov 06
Global burden of TB
• 2 billion infected, i.e. 1 in 3 of global population
• 9.4 million (139/lakh) new cases in 2008, 80% in
22 high-burden countries
• 4 m new sm+ve PTB (61/lakh) cases in 2008
• Global incidence of TB has peaked in 2004 and
is declining.
• 1.77m deaths in 2007, 98% in low-income
countries
• MDR-TB -prevalence in new cases around
3.6%
Ref: WHO Global Report, 2006
NTF Presentations for RNTCP Sensitization First edition 10 th Nov 06
Estimated TB incidence rate, 2007
:Source:
WHO Geneva; WHO Report 2009: Global Tuberculosis Control; Surveillance, Planning and Financing
Millennium Development
Goals
• Goal 6: “Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and
other diseases”
– Target 8: “By 2015, to have halted and begun
to reverse the incidence of malaria and other
major diseases…”
• Indicator 23: between 1990 and 2015 to halve
prevalence of TB disease and deaths due to TB
• Indicator 24: to detect 70% of new infectious
cases and to successfully treat 85% of detected
sputum positive patients
NTF Presentations for RNTCP Sensitization First edition 10 th Nov 06
Stop TB Partnership Targets
• By 2005:
– At least 70% people with sputum smear positive TB will be diagnosed.
– At least 85% cured.
• By 2015:
– Global burden of TB (prevalence and death rates) will be reduced by
50% relative to 1990 levels.
• Reduce prevalence to <150 per lakh population
• Reduce deaths to <15 per lakh population
– Number of people dying from TB in 2015 should be less than 1 million,
including those co-infected with HIV
• By 2050:
– Global incidence of TB disease will be less than or equal to 1 case per
million population per year
NTF Presentations for RNTCP Sensitization First edition 10 th Nov 06
Stop TB Strategy, 2006
• Vision: A world free of TB
• Goal: To dramatically reduce the global
burden of TB by 2015 in line with
Millennium Development Goals and the
Stop TB Partnership targets
NTF Presentations for RNTCP Sensitization First edition 10 th Nov 06
Components of Stop TB
Strategy, 2006
1. Pursuing high-quality DOTS expansion and
enhancement
2. Addressing TB/HIV, MDR-TB and other
challenges
3. Contributing to health system strengthening
4. Engaging all health providers
5. Empowering people with TB, and communities
6. Enabling and promoting research
NTF Presentations for RNTCP Sensitization First edition 10 th Nov 06
Directly Observed Treatment,
Short-course strategy (DOTS), 1994
1. Government commitment to TB control
2. Diagnosis by smear microscopy mostly on selfreporting symptomatic patients
3. Standardised short course chemotherapy (SCC)
with direct observation of treatment (DOT)
4. Efficient system of drug supply
5. Efficient recording and reporting system with
assessment of treatment results
Five components were expanded in 2002
NTF Presentations for RNTCP Sensitization First edition 10 th Nov 06
Global Situation
• Since 1995,over 21 million patients have
been diagnosed and treated in DOTS
programmes
• In 2007, 5.5 million new and relapse TB
cases were initiated on treatment under
DOTS strategy
• Of 2.5 million new smear positive patients
registered in 2006, 85% were successfully
treated under DOTS
NTF Presentations for RNTCP Sensitization First edition 10 th Nov 06
NTF Presentations for RNTCP Sensitization First edition 10 th Nov 06
International Standards for TB
Care-2006-revised in 2009
• Developed by Tuberculosis Coalition for
Technical Assistance
• Members of TCTA
–
–
–
–
–
American Thoracic Society
WHO (World Health Organisation)
CDC (Center for Disease Control and Prevention)
KCNV(Dutch Tuberculosis Foundation),
IUATLD (The International Union Against Tuberculosis
and Lung Disease)
• Part of the new STOP TB Strategy and global
plan to Stop TB
NTF Presentations for RNTCP Sensitization First edition 10 th Nov 06
International Standards for TB Care
• The ISTC is designed to address the care of
patients of all ages with any manifestation of the
disease, including multi-drug resistant and extrapulmonary
tuberculosis
and
tuberculosis
combined with HIV infection.
• The ISTC is also designed to guide providers
everywhere, regardless of the circumstances of
their practice.
• Consists of 21 standards for Public Health
Responsibility
NTF Presentations for RNTCP Sensitization First edition 10 th Nov 06
INDIA
NTF Presentations for RNTCP Sensitization First edition 10 th Nov 06
Problem of TB in India
• Estimated incidence
– 1.96 million new cases annually
– 0.8 million new smear positive cases annually
– 75 new smear positive PTB cases/1lakh population per
year
• Estimated prevalence of TB disease
– 3.8 million bacillary cases in 2000
– 1.7 million new smear positive cases in 2000
• Estimated mortality
– 330,000 deaths due to TB each year
– Over 1000 deaths a day
– 2 deaths every 3 minutes
Gopi P et al (TRC), IJMR, Sep 2005
NTF Presentations for RNTCP Sensitization First edition 10 th Nov 06
Problem of TB in India (contd)
• Prevalence of TB infection
– 40% (~400m) infected with M. tuberculosis (with a 10%
lifetime risk of TB disease in the absence of HIV)
• Estimated Multi-drug resistant TB
– < 3% in new cases
– 12% in re-treatment cases
• TB-HIV
– ~2.31 million people living with HIV (PLWHA)
– 10-15% annual risk (60% lifetime risk) of developing
active TB disease in PLWHA
– Estimated ~ 5% of TB patients are HIV infected
NTF Presentations for RNTCP Sensitization First edition 10 th Nov 06
India is the highest TB burden country accounting
for more than one-fifth of the global incidence
Global annual incidence = 9.4 million
India annual incidence = 1.96 million
India
21%
Other countries
20%
India is 17th among 22
High Burden
Countries (in terms of
TB incidence rate)
Other 13 HBCs
16%
China
14%
Phillipines
3%
Pakistan
3%
Ethiopia
3%
Indonesia
6%
Bangladesh
4%
Nigeria
South Africa 5%
5%
NTF Presentations
Sensitization First edition
10 Nov 06 Surveillance, Planning and Financing
Source: WHO Geneva; WHO Report 2009:
Globalfor RNTCP
Tuberculosis
Control;
th
Estimated Incidence of TB in India*
(No. of NSP Cases per 100,000 population, per year)
* Estimated from recent ARTI survey
North
West
East
South
NTF Presentations for RNTCP Sensitization First edition 10
Source: Module 9, Managing the RNTCP in your area
th
Nov 06
National
75
North Zone
East Zone
West Zone
South Zone
95
75**
80
75**
** For programme monitoring
purpose estimated cases in
East & South zones have
been kept at the national level
of 75 and this is within the
upper limit of CI or ARTI in
these zones
Social and Economic Burden of TB in
India
Estimated burden per year
• Indirect costs to society
$3 billion
• Direct costs to society
$300 million
• Productive work days lost due to TB illness
100 million
• Productive work days lost due to TB deaths
1.3 billion
• School drop-outs due to parental TB
300,000
• Women rejected by families due to TB
100,000
TRC, Socio-economic impact of TB on patients and family in India, Int J Tub Lung Dis 1999 3: 869-877
NTF Presentations for RNTCP Sensitization First edition 10 th Nov 06
RNTCP
NTF Presentations for RNTCP Sensitization First edition 10 th Nov 06
Evolution of TB Control in
India
• 1950s-60s
Important TB research at TRC and NTI
• 1962
National TB Programme (NTP)
• 1992
Programme Review
• only 30% of patients diagnosed;
• of these, only 30% treated successfully
• 1993
RNTCP pilot began
• 1998
RNTCP scale-up
• 2001
450 million population covered
• 2004
>80% of country covered
• 2006
Entire country covered by RNTCP
NTF Presentations for RNTCP Sensitization First edition 10 th Nov 06
Objectives of RNTCP
• To achieve and maintain a cure rate of at
least 85% among newly detected
infectious (new sputum smear positive)
cases
• To achieve and maintain detection of at
least 70% of such cases in the population
NTF Presentations for RNTCP Sensitization First edition 10 th Nov 06
RNTCP Organization structure: State level
Health Minister
Health Secretary
MD NRHM
Director Health
Services
Additional / Deputy / Joint
Director
(State TB Officer)
State Training and Demonstration
Center (TB)
Director, IRL Microbiologist, MO,
Epidemiologist/statistician, IRL LTs etc.,
State TB Cell
Deputy STO, MO, Accountant,
IEC Officer, SA,
DEO, TB HIV Coordinator etc.,
NTF Presentations for RNTCP Sensitization First edition 10 th Nov 06
Structure of RNTCP at district levels
Nodal point for TB
control
One/ 500,000
(250,000 in hilly/
difficult/ tribal area)
One/ 100,000
(50,000 in hilly/ difficult/
District Administration
District Magistrate/
District Collector
District Health Services
Chief Medical Officer and
other supporting staff
District TB Centre
Tuberculosis Unit
Microscopy Centre
DTO, MO-DTC (15%), LT, DEO,
Driver, Urban TB Coordinators,
TBHVs, Communication Facilitators
Medical officer-TB Control,
Senior Treatment supervisor(STS),
Senior TB Laboratory Supervisor(STLS)
Medical Officer, paramedical staff
And Laboratory Technician (20-50%)
tribal area)
DOT Centre
NTF Presentations for RNTCP Sensitization First edition 10 th
TB Health Visitors (TBHV),
DOT Provider
(MPW, NGO, PP, ASHA,
Community
Volunteers)
Nov
06
Unique features of RNTCP
• District TB Control Society
• Modular training
• Patient wise boxes
• Sub-district level supervisory staff (STS,
STLS) for treatment & microscopy
• Robust reporting and recording system
NTF Presentations for RNTCP Sensitization First edition 10 th Nov 06
Annualized New Smear-Positive Case Detection Rate
and Treatment Success Rate in DOTS Areas, India, 2000-2009*
120%
110%
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
Annualised New S+ve CDR
2006
2007
2008
Success rate
•Population projected from 2001 census
•Estimated no. of NSP cases - 75/100,000 population per year (based on recent ARTI report)
NTF Presentations for RNTCP Sensitization First edition 10 th Nov 06
2009
Impact of RNTCP
• Cure rate more than doubled compared with earlier
NTP, 85% global target consistently achieved 2003
onwards
• Case detection rate is more than 70%
• Case fatality reduced from 29% to 4% in NSP cases,
and deaths due to TB from 500,000 to <330,000 a
year
• Over 11 million patients initiated on DOTS, and over
2 million additional lives saved
NTF Presentations for RNTCP Sensitization First edition 10 th Nov 06