Transcript GI Disorders

Define the Following GI
Conditions
Make sure you know the definition, S/S, and treatment for
each:
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Appendicitis
Cholecystitis
Cholelithiasis
Cirrhosis
Diarrhea
Diverticulitis
* Gastroenteritis * Pancreatitis
* Hemorrhoids
* Peritonitis
* Hepatitis A
* Ulcer
* Hepatitis B
*Ulcerative Colitits
* Hepatitis C
* GERD
* Hiatal Hernia
Appendicitis
• Appendicitis is a medical
emergency that requires
prompt surgery to remove
the appendix. Left untreated,
an inflamed appendix will
eventually burst, or
perforate, spilling infectious
materials into the abdominal
cavity.
• TX Surgery and Antibiotics
• https://www.youtube.com/w
atch?v=M2_VvTc2nOg
Cholecystitis
• Cholecystitis is
inflammation of the
gallbladder.
• In most cases,
gallstones blocking the
tube leading out of your
gallbladder cause
cholecystitis
• TX Cholesystectomy
• https://www.youtube.co
m/watch?v=DrEt3uDT
C04
Cholelithiasis (Gall Stones)
• Cholelithiasis involves the
presence of gallstones
• Characteristics of biliary colic
include the following:
• Sporadic and unpredictable
episodes
• Pain that is localized to the
epigastrium or right upper
quadrant, sometimes radiating
to the right scapular tip
• Nonspecific symptoms (eg,
indigestion, dyspepsia,
belching, or bloating)
• Pain that begins
postprandially, is often
described as intense and
dull, typically lasts 1-5
hours, increases steadily
over 10-20 minutes, and
then gradually wanes
• Pain that is constant; not
relieved by emesis, antacids,
defecation, flatus, or
positional changes; and
sometimes accompanied by
diaphoresis, nausea, and
vomiting
Cirrhosis
• A slowly progressing
disease in which
healthy liver tissue is
replaced with scar tissue,
eventually preventing the
liver from functioning
properly. The scar tissue
blocks the flow
of blood through the liver
and slows the processing of
nutrients, hormones, drugs,
and naturally produced
toxins. It also slows the
production of proteins and
other substances made by
the liver.
Diarrhea
• Bowel movements (stools)
that are loose and watery. It is
very common and usually not
serious. Many people will
have diarrhea once or twice
each year. It typically lasts
two to three days and can be
treated with over-the-counter
(OTC) medicines. Some
people often have diarrhea as
part of irritable bowel
syndrome or other chronic
diseases of the large intestine.
3 Categories:
• Osmotic diarrhea means
that something in the bowel
is drawing water from the
body. A common example
is sorbitol, a sugar substitute
found in sugarless candy
and gum that isn't absorbed
by the body but draws water
into the bowel, resulting in
diarrhea.
Diarrhea
• Secretory diarrhea occurs
when the body is releasing
water into the bowel. Many
infections, drugs, and other
conditions cause secretory
diarrhea.
• Exudative diarrhea refers
to the presence of blood and
pus in the stool. This occurs
with inflammatory bowel
diseases such as Crohn's
disease or ulcerative colitis,
and several infections
Diverticulitis
• Diverticulitis happens when
feces get trapped in the
pouches (diverticula). This
allows bacteria to grow in
the pouches. This can lead
to inflammation or
infection.
Gastroenteritis
• When you
have diarrhea and vomiting,
you may say you have the
"stomach flu.“
• The cause is typically a viral
or bacterial infection.
Hemorrhoids
• Hemorrhoids are swollen veins
in the anal canal. This common
problem can be painful, but it's
usually not serious.
• Veins can swell inside the anal
canal to form
internalhemorrhoids. Or they
can swell near the opening of
the anus to form
external hemorrhoids. You can
have both types at the same
time. The symptoms and
treatment depend on which type
you have.
Hepatitis A
• Hepatitis A is a highly
contagious liver infection
caused by the hepatitis A
virus. (Food Bourne)
• You're most likely to
contract hepatitis A from
contaminated food or water
or from close contact with
someone who's infected.
• Vaccine is available
• Fatigue
• Nausea and vomiting
• Abdominal pain or discomfort,
especially in the area of your
liver on your right side beneath
your lower ribs
• Clay-colored bowel
movements
• Loss of appetite
• Low-grade fever
• Dark urine
• Joint pain
• Yellowing of the skin and eyes
(jaundice)
Hepatitis B
• Hepatitis B is a serious liver
infection caused by the
hepatitis B virus (HBV).
• Blood Bourne
• Vaccine is Available (3
shots)
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Abdominal pain
Dark urine
Fever
Joint pain
Loss of appetite
Nausea and vomiting
Weakness and fatigue
Yellowing of your skin and
the whites of your eyes
(jaundice)
Hepatitis C
• Hepatitis C is a contagious
liver disease that ranges in
severity from a mild illness
lasting a few weeks to a
serious, lifelong illness that
attacks the liver. It results
from infection with the
Hepatitis C virus (HCV),
which is spread primarily
through contact with the
blood of an infected person.
Hepatitis C can be either
“acute” or “chronic.”
• No Vaccine
• Sharing needles, syringes, or
other equipment to inject
drugs
• Needlestick injuries in
health care settings
• Being born to a mother who
has Hepatitis C
• Sharing personal care items
that may have come in
contact with another
person’s blood, such as
razors or toothbrushes
• Having sexual contact with
a person infected with the
Hepatitis C virus
Hiatal Hernia
Pancreatitis
• Pancreatitis is a disease in
which the pancreas becomes
inflamed. Pancreatic
damage happens when the
digestive enzymes are
activated before they are
released into the small
intestine and begin attacking
the pancreas.
• There are two forms
of pancreatitis: acute and
chronic
• Upper abdominal pain that
radiates into the back. It
may be aggravated by
eating, especially foods high
in fat.
• Swollen and
tender abdomen
• Nausea and vomiting
• Fever
• Increased heart rate
Peritonitis
• Peritonitis is a bacterial or
fungal infection of the
peritoneum, a silk-like
membrane that lines your
inner abdominal wall and
covers the organs within
your abdomen. Peritonitis
can result from any rupture
(perforation) in your
abdomen, or as a
complication of other
medical conditions.
Peptic Ulcer
• No single cause has been
found for ulcers. However,
it is now clear that an ulcer
is the end result of an
imbalance between
digestive fluids in the
stomach and duodenum.
Most ulcers are caused by
an infection with a type of
bacteria called Helicobacter
pylori (H. pylori).
• Excessive drinking of
alcohol
• Smoking or chewing
tobacco
• Use of painkillers called
nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs
(NSAIDs), such
as aspirin, naproxen (Aleve,
Anaprox, Naprosyn, and
others), ibuprofen (Motrin,
Advil, some types of Midol,
and others)
• Serious illness
• Radiation treatment to the
area
Ulcerative Colititis
• Ulcerative colitis (UL-sur-uhtiv koe-LIE-tis) is an
inflammatory bowel disease
(IBD) that causes long-lasting
inflammation and ulcers
(sores) in your digestive tract.
Ulcerative colitis affects the
innermost lining of your large
intestine (colon) and rectum.
Symptoms usually develop
over time, rather than
suddenly.
GERD
• Gastroesophageal reflux
disease (GERD) is a chronic
digestive disease. GERD
occurs when stomach acid
or, occasionally, stomach
content, flows back into
your food pipe (esophagus).
The backwash (reflux)
irritates the lining of your
esophagus and causes
GERD.