Transcript Biological and Chemical Hazards

Chapter 17
Biological and Chemical Hazards
Questions for Today
• What are the different Biological Hazards we come
in contact with?
• What are some major infectious diseases and their
causes?
• How do we slow down the spread of AIDS?
• What are the different Chemical Hazards we come
in contact with?
• What are ways to prevent Chemical Toxins from
entering our body?
Types of Diseases
• Three types of diseases:
– Nontransmissible Disease: caused by something other
than a living organism and does not spread from one
person to another
• Cardiovascular disease, Cancers, Asthma, Diabetes, and
malnutrition
– Infectious Disease: caused when a pathogen invades
the body and multiplies it’s cells and tissues
• Flu, HIV, malaria, TB, and measles
– Transmissible disease: an infectious disease that can be
transmitted from one person to another
• Flu, HIV, malaria, TB, and measles
Antibiotics, Life-span, and Outbreaks
• With the onset of antibiotics and vaccines, the life
expectancies of most countries have gone up.
• Infectious disease are still a major concerns due to
outbreaks.
– Epidemic: large-scale outbreak of infectious disease is an area or
country
– Pandemic: GLOBAL epidemic, such as AIDS.
• One of the major setbacks in prevention of the spread of
infectious disease is the fact that we live in a very global
age.
– If there is an epidemic in China, it can easily spread to America due
to air travel.
The Top three killers
• The world’s top three viral killers are
– Influenza
– HIV
– Hepatitis B
• Other major killers and their causes:
– Cholera/Diptheria (Bacterial)
– Malaria (Protozoan, Mosquito Transferred)
– Tuberculosis (Bacterial)
Slowing down AIDS
• Reduce number of new infections
• Concentrate on the groups in society that are most
likely to spread the disease
– Sex Workers
– IV drug users
– Soldiers
• Free HIV testing
• Mass-advertisement and Education program
geared towards adults and childten
• Free or low cost drugs to slow the progress
• Increase Funding for research
Antibiotic Resistance
• Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus
• Resistance due to overuse and unsustainable use
of antibiotic and antibacterial drugs and sanitizers.
– Example of Natural Selection
• YOU HAVE TO COMPLETE YOUR ANTIBIOTICS
EVEN AFTER YOU FEEL BETTER!
Emergent Disease
• Emergent disease are those that have mutated from a strain
that previously didn’t affect humans.
• Killer (emergent) viruses
– West Nile Virus
• Mosquito Transferred
– Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)
• Spread through saliva droplets
– Avian Flu
– Swine Flu
• Be knowledgeable about the situation before panicking.
– Help curb Mass Hysteria
Chemical Hazards
• Different types of chemicals can cause harm
• Toxic Chemicals: a chemical that can cause
temporary or permanent harm to a person
– Carcinogens – cancer causing agents
• Arsenic, Benzene, formaldehyde, Radiation, etc.
• Found in Tobacco Smoke, UV Radiation from Tanning Beds or Xrays, and Vinyl Chloride in the creation of PVC.
– Mutagens – cause genetic mutations
• Ingestion of Nitrites, Nitrous acid and other food preservatives
• Benzene from the creation of plastics
• UV rays from Tanning Beds and X-Rays
Chemical Hazards (Toxins)
• Teratogens – cause birth defects
– Drinking alcohol, exposure to lead dust, arsenic,
formaldehyde, PCB (Polychlorinated biphenyls)
• Neurotoxins – affect nervous systems
– PCBs, Methyl Mercury, arsenic, lead, types of pesticides
Chemical Hazards (Hormonal)
• Hormonally active agents (HAA)
– Mimic Hormones
– Aluminium, atrazine, DDT, PCBs, bisphenol A
• Hormone Blockers
– Gender Benders
• PCBs, DDT
• Thyroid Disruptors
– Effect weight, growth, and behavior
Prevention of Chemical Hazards
• Education is the Key
• Government Standards on the emission of
chemicals through laws.
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Clean Water Act
Clean Air Act
FIFRA
NEPA 1969