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Schools
Copyright National Air Filtration Association
2006 Rev. 2
In The News!
Orange County, Florida. A veteran teacher took disability leave as a
result of chronic fungal sinusitis, which she claims was caused by her
school's air. Spores were detected in seven Orange County schools at
levels high enough to cause allergic reactions. (Orlando Sentinel Tribune)
Pomeroy, Washington. Students and teachers at a high school
experience sore eyes, coughing, dry throats, and other symptoms.
Twelve of 21 staff members reported symptoms. It was determined that
the ventilation system was not operating properly. (Lewiston Morning Tribune)
University of Massachusetts, Boston. In separate incidents just days
apart, eight and 27 people were treated for medical symptoms including
nausea, burning lips, tight throats. The university closed the campus
twice to conduct indoor air quality investigations. The university claimed
that the problems resulted in part, from an inadequate ventilation
system. (The Boston Globe)
Copyright National Air Filtration Association
2006 Rev. 2
Illinois School Repairs Reduce CO2
Results In Cleaner Air
Copyright National Air Filtration Association
2006 Rev. 2
Why are schools in the forefront?
• 51 million people occupy school buildings each
school day (1 in 6)
– 2.3 million teachers
– 126,000 administrators
– 600,000 support staff
• 110,000 schools
– 85,000 public
– 25,000 private
Copyright National Air Filtration Association
2006 Rev. 2
School IAQ Culprits
 Particulate
 Non-viable – airborne dirt, dust, lead, and asbestos
 Viable – bacteria, mold, and mildew that come from
contaminated air handling systems, books, carpets, etc.
 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC’s)
 Chemicals such as formaldehyde or other gases from
building materials, carpets, furniture, or ozone from
copiers and other office equipment
Copyright National Air Filtration Association
2006 Rev. 2
Pollution Contributors
• Computers
• Photocopiers
• Pesticides
• Solvents
• Waxes
• Inks
• Glues and resins
• Carpeting
• Disinfectants
• Deodorizers
• Deodorants
• Hairsprays
• Smoking
• Perfumes
• Insulating material
• PEOPLE
Copyright National Air Filtration Association
2006 Rev. 2
Pollution Contributors
• PEOPLE
– Colds
– Flu
– Ring Worm
– Conjunctivitis
Copyright National Air Filtration Association
2006 Rev. 2
Particle Emission
Based Upon Activity
Activity
Particles
Standing/Sitting (no movement)
100,000
Light movement
500,000
Body & arm movement
1,000,000
Changing Positions
2,500,000
Slow walking
5,000,000
Average walking
7,500,000
Calisthenics
Copyright National Air Filtration Association
2006 Rev. 2
15 million plus
Sick Building Syndrome
MILD
Eye Irritation
Dry Throat
Rhinitis
Runny Nose
Headache
Fatigue
Sinus Congestion
Skin Irritation
Shortness of Breath
Cough
Dizziness
Nausea
Mental Confusion
SEVERE
Copyright National Air Filtration Association
2006 Rev. 2
Courtesy of Jeff Moores 2003© www.jeffmoores.com 1.585.229.4603
Respiratory Disease and Absenteeism
• Respiratory tract infections are the most common
infectious illnesses among humans
• Respirable particles are under 5.0 microns in size
• ASHRAE 1996 Systems & Equipment
• Estimated to annually cause in the United States:
– 150 million lost workdays
– 75 million physician visits
– $15 billion medical care costs
• World Health Organization
Copyright National Air Filtration Association
2006 Rev. 2
Airborne Concern
• 3.0 micrometer is
representative of airborne
droplet nuclei
• Associated with coughs
and sneezes
• Transport mechanism for
viruses and bacteria
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2006 Rev. 2
Particles Produced by Infected Persons
Copyright National Air Filtration Association
2006 Rev. 2
Classroom Environment
• 2/3 of school population average 30
students and 1 teacher per 1000 sq feet
• At 15 cfm / person, the outside air
requirement per classroom is 465 cfm per
ASHRAE 62.1-2001
• Existing units at 10% outside air introduce
200 cfm
Copyright National Air Filtration Association
2006 Rev. 2
Common Filters
• Low grade filters of
fiberglass / polyester
construction offer
little protection in 3.0
micrometer range
• MERV 1 to 4
Information on particle size versus efficiency - NAFA
Copyright National Air Filtration Association
2006 Rev. 2
Low Resistance Pleated Panels
• MERV 8 provides
over 70% efficiency
in the 3.0 to 10
micrometer range
• 200% more efficient
than throw-away
filters
Copyright National Air Filtration Association
2006 Rev. 2
Financial Consideration
• $6,100 per pupil, per year, based upon attendance
(may vary with school district)
• 180 day school year or $33.88 per day
• 3% absenteeism is 5.4 days or $183 in lost aid
• 2% absenteeism would reduce to $122
An increase in aid of $61 PER STUDENT
Copyright National Air Filtration Association
2006 Rev. 2
Goals of Proper Air Quality
• Lower the health risk
• Reduce absenteeism of students, faculty, and staff
• Improve energy efficiency
• Reduce liabilities
It’s the Right Thing to Do!
Copyright National Air Filtration Association
2006 Rev. 2
Resources
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
Building Air Quality: A Guide for Building
Owners and Facility Managers
Kits can be ordered from
Government Printing Office
(stock no. 0-16-035919-8)
Or Call GPO at (202) 512-1800
Copyright National Air Filtration Association
2006 Rev. 2