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Sexually Transmitted Infections
Myths about STI’s
1.
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6.
Most people with an STI experience painful symptoms.
Birth control pills prevent the spread of STIs.
Douching will cure and STI.
Abstinence is the best way to prevent STIs.
If you get an STI once, and are treated, you can’t get it again.
A person does not need to see a doctor if she/he notices
scores on his/her genitals once, but then they go away.
7. Condoms help prevent the spread of STIs
What is an STI?
• STIs are diseases and infections which are capable of
being spread from person to person through:
▫ sexual intercourse
▫ oral-genital contact or in non-sexual ways.
▫ IV drug
How Do I Know if I am Infected???
What are the symptoms? How would I know if I have been
infected?
•
Sores (either painful or painless)
•
Blood in urine
•
Burning sensation when urinating
•
Rashes
•
Itching
•
Bumps
•
Warts
•
Unusual discharge
SYPHILIS
Four Stages: Stage One
•Primary Stage-incubation period with
•-in 3-4 wks. painless sore “chancre” will
disappear without treatment
•-highly contagious
no symptoms
appear &
2. Secondary Stage
-after 6 wks, skin rash
appears & disappears
without treatment
-highly contagious
3. Latent Stage
-no signs or symptoms
-not infectious unless pregnant
-can cause miscarriage,
stillbirth or physical deformities
4. Late Stage
-from 5 to 15 yrs after being
infected
-irreversible damage to heart
& brain; possible death
-not infectious unless pregnant
DIAGNOSIS & TREATMENT
-diagnosed with a blood test
-treated with antibiotics
Chancre on the penis
Chancres in the labia area
Chancre on the lip
Secondary stage skin rash
Syphilis in the late stages
Close to death
GONORRHEA
•Each year approximately 650,000 people in the United States are infected
with gonorrhea
•People get gonorrhea from close sexual contact (anal sex, oral sex., and
vaginal).
•Gonorrhea can also be spread from mother to child during birth.
•Gonorrhea infection can spread to other unlikely parts of the body
Symptoms:
-Male - 2 to 8 days after contact, discharge from penis or burning sensation
-Female - discharge/burning OR no symptoms
Complications:
-untreated can lead to sterility,
arthritis or
blindness in infants
Diagnosis & Treatment:
-lab smears of discharge to
diagnose
-treated with antibiotics
Discharge from penis
Discharge from the vagina
GENITAL HERPES
Symptoms:
-painless sores which
usually appear in groups
and are moist and grayish
with red edges
Complications:
-no cure
-virus remains in body even
when sores are not present;
infectious when sores are
present
-causes brain damage &
possible death to newborns
Herpes sores on the penis
Herpes sores on the vaginal area
Herpes around the mouth
GENITAL WARTS/HPV
Human Papillomavirus
Symptoms:
-small, painless growths
around genitals caused by
a virus
Treatment:
-no cure
-removed by surgery or
chemicals but virus is still
in the body; warts will
grow back
-increases chance of cervical
cancer for women
Warts on the penis
Warts on the labia area
CHLAMYDIA
Four million new cases occur each year
SYMPTOMS: fever, weight loss for no reason, swollen glands, fatigue,
diarrhea, white spots on the mouth.
FEMALE SYMPTOMS:
Vaginal discharge (white or grey) or burning with urination
Lower abdominal pain
Bleeding between menstrual periods.
Low-grade fever (later symptom)
MALE SYMPTOMS:
Discharge from the penis and/or burning when urinating
Burning and itching around the opening of the penis
Pain and swelling in the testicles
Low –grade fever (associated with epididymitis –
inflammation of the testicles)
Diagnosis & Treatment
-hard to diagnose; must ask
Dr. to test for it
-treated with antibiotics
Discharge from cervical area
CRABS (PUBIC LICE) &
SCABIES
Symptoms & Complications:
-spread from sexual contact or
infested bedding/clothing
-itching in hair (crabs) or skin
(scabies)
Diagnosis and Treatment:
-medicated shampoos (crabs)
or medications (scabies) from
doctor
-must also treated infested
bedding and clothes
Crabs or pubic lice will lay eggs and multiply
Crabs in pubic hair area
Scabie mite burrows under skin
Scabie lesions on penis
Candidiasis
• Yeast fungus that may or may not be transmitted by sexual
intercourse.
• Caused by high doses of antibiotics. It is usually caused by altering the
Ph of the vagina.
SYMPTOMS:
A thick cheesy vaginal discharge
Severe itching
Trichomoniasis
• An estimated 5 million new cases occur each year in women and
men.
• Occurs in vagina of women so may be sexually transmitted to men
using infected washcloths and towels.
• It is transmitted to the baby during delivery.
• It also can occur in the urethra (carries urine to penis) in men, doesn’t
have symptoms usually.
SYMPTOMS:
Appear within 5 to 28 days of exposure
Women usually have a vaginal discharge that
FEMALE SYMPTOMS:
Itching and burning at the outside of the opening of the
vagina and vulva.
Painful and frequent urination
Heavy, unpleasant smelling greenish, yellow discharge
MALE SYMPTOMS:
Usually nothing, or discomfort in urethra, inflamed head of the penis.
Nongonococcal Urethritis/NGU
• An inflammation or infection of the urethra (the tube that carries the urine
from the bladder)
• It is passed from person to person during intimate physical contact.
FEMALE SYMPTOMS:
Pain
Itching or burning around the vagina
Any discharge may be a sign of NGU. (because the
disease is internal, women sometimes do not show
any
obvious symptoms.)
MALE SYMPTOMS:
Discharge from the penis (this may be thin and
watery or thick and white)
Burning and itching around the opening of the penis
Sometimes the signs appear only in the morning,
then go away and come back.
About 10% of men show no symptoms
HIV/AIDS
There are two main ways you get AIDS:
•
Vaginal, oral, anal, etc. sex
•
Sharing drug needles and syringes
• "H" is for Human, meaning that only humans get this virus. You can’t get
infected from a pet or mosquito.
• "I" is for Immunodeficiency, meaning that this virus causes your immune
system to have some serious problems. It makes it easier for you to get sick
and harder for you to get well.
• "V" is for Virus, which refers to the specific type of germ that causes the
disease. Unfortunately, viruses can't be killed because they aren't alive. You
can't take medicine like an antibiotic to get rid of HIV. Viruses stay with you
forever.
AIDS
Aquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
• HIV is linked to immune system malfunction and ultimately results in
the condition known as AIDS.
• It is the result of a weakened immune system. AIDS is diagnosed when
a person tests positive for HIV and also has one or more of the
"opportunistic infections" of AIDS (there are 27) and/or has a
laboratory marker test of 200 or less T-cells.
AIDS Worldwide
• Updated worldwide statistics at the end of 1997 revealed 16,000 new infections a
day with over 30 million people now living with HIV/AIDS. 1 in 100 adults in the
15-49 age group are infected with HIV; but only 1 in 10 infected persons are aware
of their HIV status.
• Symptoms develop within months or sometimes years after exposure.
AIDS Symptoms
• Possible flu-like symptoms following infection, but generally no
symptoms during the early phase. A variety of later symptoms include
fever, fatigue, weight loss, night sweats, diarrhea, swollen lymph
nodes, cough, dementia, and skin blotches.
AIDS Complications
• The compromised immune system becomes open to opportunistic
infections, ultimately leading to death in most cases.
• Treatment - Although there is no cure, many of the opportunistic
diseases can be treated. New antiviral and combination therapies
have also been shown to be remarkably effective in reducing the level
of active virus in many individuals.