Transcript Bloodborne Pathogen Training

Dalhart Independent School District
Annual
Bloodborne Pathogen Online Training
This program is designed to meet the
requirements of the Occupational
Exposure to Bloodborne Pathogens
(OSHA’s)
Standard, 1910.1030.
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Instructions for Annual Online Bloodborne
Pathogen Training Module
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Please read through the training material
Print and complete the test page
Place your test in your school nurse’s mailbox
The more you know,
the better you will perform in real situations!
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What are bloodborne pathogens?
Microorganisms that can be carried
in the blood that can cause disease
in humans.
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Common bloodborne pathogen diseases
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Hepatitis B- HBV
Hepatitis C- HCV
Human Immunodeficiency Virus HIV
Syphilis
Malaria
Brucellosis
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Modes of Transmission
Bloodborne pathogens such as HBV, HIV, and HCV are spread most
easily through direct contact with infected human blood and other
potentially infectious body fluids such as:
semen
vaginal secretions and
any body fluid that is visibly contaminated with blood
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Hepatitis
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Highly infectious virus that infects
the liver
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Transmitted primarily through
blood to blood contact
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HBV can survive for at
least one week in dried blood
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Can lead to cirrhosis and liver
cancer
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1-1.25 million Americans are
chronically infected
B - HBV
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SYMPTOMS of HEPATITIS B
 Symptoms of HBV are very much like a mild “flu”.
 Initially there is a sense of fatigue, possible stomach pain, loss of appetite , and even
nausea.
 As the disease continues to develop jaundice (yellowing of the skin or eyes) and
darkening of urine will often occur.
 However, people who are infected with HBV will often show no symptoms for some
time. Symptoms can occur 1-9 months after exposure.
 Loss of appetite and stomach pain, for example, commonly appears with 1-3 months,
but can occur as soon as 2 weeks or as long as 6-9 months after infection
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Human Immunodeficiency Virus
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HIV is the virus that leads to AIDS.
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HIV depletes the immune system.
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HIV virus is fragile.
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HIV does not survive well outside the body.
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HIV is susceptible to common disinfectants.
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No threat on contracting HIV through casual contact.
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It is estimated that the chances of contracting HIV in a workplace environment are only
0.4% or very low. However, because it is such a devastating disease, all precautions must
be taken to avoid exposure.
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Aids infection
First Stage happens when a person is actually infected with HIV. After the
initial infection, a person may show few or no signs of illness for many
years.
Eventually, in the second stage, an individual may begin to suffer swollen
lymph glands or lesser diseases, which begin to take advantage of the
body’s weakened immune system.
The second stage is believed to eventually lead to AIDS
The third and final stage, the body becomes completely unable to fight off lifethreatening diseases and infections.
Symptoms of HIV infection can vary, but often include weakness , fever, sore
throat, nausea, headaches, diarrhea, a white coating on the tongue,
weight loss, and swollen lymph glands
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Hepatitis C Virus
HCV
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Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) also causes a serious liver disease with symptoms
similar to Hepatitis B infection. However these two diseases have important
differences.
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HCV represents the most common chronic bloodborne pathogen in the United
States.
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The CDC reports that 75-85% of those infected with HCV become chronically
infected compared to HBV with only 10% chronically infected.
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Up to 80% of people infected with HCV have no symptoms compared to about
50% of those infected with HBV.
IS IT SERIOUS?
• As many as 85% never fully recover and carry the Hepatitis C virus the rest
of their life.
• Approximately 25,000 become infected in the US each year with around
4,000 of the infections being symptomatic.
• Symptoms include jaundice, fatigue, dark urine, abdominal pain,
loss of appetite, nausea.
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HCV- Hepatitis C Virus
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CAN be prevented with proper precautions
NO cure
NO vaccine at this time
Virus cannot reproduce outside of the body
Transmission occurs when blood or body fluids from an infected
person enters the body of a person who is not infected
The risk for contracting HCV in the school setting is very low.
At work you can be exposed to Bloodborne pathogen if
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Blood or other potentially infectious body fluids come in contact with your
broken skin or the mucous membranes of your eyes, nose or mouth.
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Or a contaminated sharp object punctures your skin.
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You are safe
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You cannot become infected with these viruses through casual contact, coughing,
sneezing, a kiss on the cheek, a hug or from drinking fountains or food.
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Feces, urine, vomit, nasal secretions, sputum, sweat, tears and saliva are not
included as being potentially infectious unless they contain visible blood.
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Intact skin as a barrier
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Unbroken skin forms an impervious barrier against bloodborne
pathogens.
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However, infected blood can enter your system through:
Open sores
Cuts
Abrasions
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Acne
Any sort of damaged or broken skin such as sunburn or blisters
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Universal Precautions
The practice of treating all body fluids as potentially infectious
regardless of the source.
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“Universal Precautions” is the name used to describe a prevention
strategy in which all blood and potentially infectious materials are treated
as if they are, in fact, infectious, regardless of the perceived status of the
source individual.
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In other words, whether or not you think the blood/body fluid is
infected with a BBP, you treat it as if it is!!!
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Personal Protective Equipment
It’s what you wear to protect yourself !
Gloves, gown, shoe cover, head cover, mask, goggles
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Probably the first thing to do in any situation where you may be exposed to
bloodborne pathogens is to ensure that you are wearing the appropriate
personal protective equipment (PPE).
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PPE will be provided by your school nurse. Supplies such as gloves, gown,
shoe covers, mask or goggles, and CPR mask are in a plastic baggy and
placed in a plastic file holder usually located in the classroom or on the main
classroom door being visible to any one needing to use personal protective
equipment.
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PPE is the property of the school and to that designated classroom.
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If you leave or change rooms, please leave the PPE.
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Please make it a part of your routine to check that you have the
necessary PPE supplies.
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If you do not, please contact your school nurse for more
supplies.
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GLOVES
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When you are faced with a bleeding student or co-worker situation, take a minute to
collect yourself.
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Be calm and reassure the victim.
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If you are in a situation where a student or co-worker requires basic first aid measures,
take the extra time to put gloves on.
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If possible you may hand the student a cloth to control bleeding themselves until
you can obtain the personal protective equipment that is needed per situation.
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If the student is unable to do this, there should still be ample time to apply gloves prior to
any added harm coming as a result of the extra time it takes to glove up!
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Wearing gloves is a simple precaution you can take in order to
prevent blood or other body fluids from coming in contact with your
skin
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If you have cuts or sores on your hands, you should cover these
with a Band-Aid or similar protection before applying gloves.
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Inspect gloves for tears or punctures before putting
them on. If a glove is damaged, don’t use it!
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When taking contaminated gloves off, make sure you don’t touch
the outside of the gloves with any bare skin and be sure to dispose
of them in a lined trash can so that no one else will come in contact
with them, either.
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Always wash your hands after wearing gloves
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What if blood or body fluids get on your clothing?
Clothing that becomes contaminated with blood should be removed as
soon as possible because fluids can seep through the material to
come in contact with skin.
Contaminated laundry should be handled as little as possible, while
wearing gloves, and it should be placed in a trash bag until it is
decontaminated, disposed of, or laundered.
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Handwashing
One of the most important and easiest practices used to prevent
transmission of bloodborne pathogens. Hands should also be washed
immediately for at least 20 seconds using warm water or as soon as
feasible) after removal of gloves or other PPE.
Use of antibacterial soap is not required but soft regular hand soap is best.
Avoid harsh, abrasive soaps, as these may open fragile scabs or other
sores.
If you are working in an area without access to water, you may use an
antiseptic cleanser in conjunction with a clean cloth/paper towels or
antiseptic towelettes. Wash hands with soap and water as soon as you
have access to facilities.
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If there is a reasonable likelihood of exposure in
your work area, you should never:
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Eat
Drink
Smoke
Apply cosmetics or lip balm
Handle contact lenses
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RULES TO FOLLOW
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Always wear personal protective equipment in exposure
situations. It is to protect you from disease and illness.
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Remove PPE that is torn or punctured, or has lost its ability to
function as a barrier to bloodborne pathogens.
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Replace PPE that is torn or punctured.
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Remove PPE before leaving the work area.
Can I put bandages in the trash?
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As long as there are approximately less than one ounce of
blood, the contaminated item can be thrown in a regular trash
bag.
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If more than one ounce of blood (either dripping or heavily
saturated) a red trash bag should be used or regular trash bag
that has been labeled “bio-hazard”.
Decontamination
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Contact your campus custodial staff for decontamination.
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All surfaces, tools, equipment and other objects that come in
contact with blood or potentially infectious materials must be
decontaminated and chemically sterilized as soon as possible.
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Reusable trash containers must be cleaned on a regular basis and
after contamination.
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Gloves must always be worn for cleaning spills of blood and/or other
potentially infectious materials.
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Equipment and tools must be cleaned and decontaminated before
servicing or being put back to use.
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Bleach / Lysol or some other EPA registered disinfectants
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Decontamination can be accomplished by using an approved EPS
disinfectant such as Lysol /Clorox Wipes or a fresh mixture of bleach and
water (10%) in a 10:1 ratio (1 PART BLEACH AND 9 PARTS WATER).
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This is adequate to sterilize or disinfect items contaminated with blood or
other potentially infectious material.
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A fresh bleach solution should be made every 24 hours.
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Keep in mind that aerosol (spray) disinfectants should be used away from
students to avoid any potential allergy or asthma triggers.
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Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) by law must be on file for any
chemicals used at our school.
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Needles/Sharps
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All needles/sharps are to be disposed of in a sharps container.
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Sharps containers shall be closable, puncture-resistant, leak-proof on sides and bottom, and must
be labeled or color-coded.
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All needles/ sharps containers need to be readily available in the area that you are using a needle
/sharp. Do not walk down the hall or to another room with a needle/sharps in hand.
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Never re-cap needles.
Never over fill a sharps container
Never put needles in a trash can and
Never put trash or your hand in a sharps container
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Sharps Container
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Broken Glassware
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Broken glassware that has been visibly contaminated with blood must be
sterilized with an approved disinfectant solution before it is disturbed or
cleaned up.
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Do not directly pick up broken glassware with your hands gloved or not.
Sweep or brush the glass into a dustpan.
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Dispose of broken glassware in a puncture resistant container such as a
cardboard box or coffee can. Never in a trash can with a plastic liner.
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Cleaning up a blood spill
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Please prevent others from coming into contact with any blood or body fluids. Block off
area with a chair or designate an individual to oversee area until proper cleaning can occur.
Contact custodial services.
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However, if you are cleaning up a spill of blood, you can carefully cover the spill with paper
towels or a cloth, then gently pour (avoid splashing) or spray the disinfectant or bleach
solution over the towels/rags, and leave it for at least 10 minutes. This will help ensure
that any blood borne pathogens are killed before you actually begin cleaning or wiping the
material up.
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By covering the spill with paper towels or cloths, you decrease the chances of causing a
splash when you pour the solution on it.
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If you are decontaminating equipment or other objects upon which someone has been cut,
you should leave the disinfectant in place for at least 10 minutes before continuing the
cleaning process.
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Of course, any equipment you use to clean up a blood spill or potentially infectious
materials must be decontaminated immediately as well.
This would include mops, sponges, re-usable professional gloves, buckets, pails, etc.
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If you are exposed
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First aid first: Wash the exposed area thoroughly with soap and
running water.
Flush: If blood is splashed in the eye or mucous membrane, flush the
affected area with running water for at least 15 minutes.
Report the exposure to your supervisor, principal, and /or
superintendent as soon as possible for evaluation. Do not wait.
Fill out an incident report immediately.
Following the report of an exposure incident DISD will make
immediately available to the exposed employee a confidential medical
evaluation and follow-up. You will be directed to a medical facility for
evaluation. Preferably within two hours is any uncertainty regarding
exposure, you may call the Texas Department of Health Services or
consult your physician for advice. You may request to be tested at
the school system’s expense, provided that the suspected exposure
poses a significant risk of transmission as defined in the rules of the
Commission for Health Services.
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A confidential evaluation will
include:
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Documentation of the route (s) of exposure and the circumstances under
which the exposure incident occurred.
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Completion of an Incident Report.
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Testing of the source individual’s blood for HBV & HIV as soon as feasible
and after consent is obtained.
(Those results will be made available to the exposed employee.)
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Collection of your blood as soon as feasible and testing for presence of HBV
& HIV after your consent is obtained.
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Administer post exposure treatment/medication, when medically indicated,
as recommended by the US Public Health Service.
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Apart from the circumstances surrounding the exposure itself, all other
findings or diagnosis will remain entirely confidential.
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Hepatitis B Vaccinations
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Prevents HBV infection. It is offered, at no cost, to employees who
have occupational risk exposure as defined by DISD policy.
If you are exposed to blood, you may request a Hepatitis B
vaccination at that time. If the vaccine is administer immediately
after exposure it is extremely effective at preventing the disease.
The Hepatitis B vaccination is given in series of three shots. The
second shot is given two months after the first, and the third shot
follows at least four - six months after the first. This series gradually
builds up the blood’s immunity to the Hepatitis B virus.
There is no danger of contracting the disease from getting the shots,
and, once vaccinated, a person does not need to receive the series
again. There are booster shots available, however, and in some
instances these may be recommended (for example, if there is an
outbreak of Hepatitis B a a particular location).
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The Quiz
This is the end of the Bloodborne Pathogens Training Module.
• To receive credit for this training, print the quiz on the
following page and turn it into your school nurse.
• Your quiz will be become part of your permanent employee
file documenting your understanding of bloodborne
pathogens.
• If you have any questions regarding BBP, please contact
your campus nurse.
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