Transcript Annual Bloodborne Pathogen & Exposure Control Training

BLOODBORNE
PATHOGENS
Annual Training
Rutherford County Schools
Department of School Health Services
Revised April, 2015
RCS Exposure Control Plan
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An Exposure Control Plan is a written document of
practices and procedures, required equipment and
facilities designed to eliminate or minimize employee
exposure to infectious agents or biohazardous materials.
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The Rutherford County Schools Exposure Control Plan
includes training all employees about Bloodborne
pathogens.
What Are Bloodborne Pathogens?
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Bloodborne Pathogens (BBPs) are GERMS
(microorganisms) that are present in human blood and
can infect people and cause disease.
Commonly encountered BBPs include:
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Hepatitis B
Hepatitis C
HIV/AIDS
Hepatitis B Virus (HBV)
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HBV is found in highest concentrations in blood and in
lower concentrations in other body fluids (e.g., semen,
vaginal secretions, and wound exudates).
HBV is not spread through food or water, sharing eating
utensils, breastfeeding, hugging, kissing, hand holding,
coughing, or sneezing.
HBV can survive outside the body at least 7 days and still
be capable of causing infection.
The incubation period from the time of exposure to onset
of symptoms is between 6 weeks and 6 months.
A HBV infection can be short-lived (acute) or chronic.
Signs & Symptoms of HBV Infection
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Acute HBV infection—May have any of the following:
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Fever
Fatigue
Loss of appetite
Nausea
Vomiting
Abdominal pain
Dark urine
Clay-colored bowel movements
Joint pain
Jaundice
Chronic Hepatitis B
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Might be asymptomatic and have no evidence of liver
disease.
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OR
Might display diseases ranging from chronic hepatitis to
cirrhosis or liver cancer.
Hepatitis C
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Hepatitis C is a contagious liver disease.
Can range in severity from a mild illness lasting a few
weeks to a serious, lifelong illness.
Usually spread through sharing needles or other
equipment to inject drugs.
Symptoms may occur 6weeks to 6 months after exposure.
Many people with Heb C have no symptoms at all, but
he/she is still contagious and can pass the disease on to
others.
Hepatitis C Signs & Symptoms
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70% – 80% of people with acute Hepatitis C have no
symptoms.
Some have mild to severe symptoms, including:
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Fever
Fatigue
Loss of appetite
Nausea
Vomiting
Abdominal pain
Dark urine
Clay-colored bowel movements
Joint pain
Jaundice (yellow color in the skin or eyes)
Hepatitis C
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Hepatitis C can be either “acute” or “chronic.”
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Acute Hepatitis C virus infection is a short-term illness that
occurs within the first 6 months after someone is exposed to
the Hepatitis C virus. For most people, acute infection leads
to chronic infection.
Chronic Hepatitis C is a serious disease than can result in
long-term health problems, or even death.
There is no vaccine for Hepatitis C. The best way to
prevent Hepatitis C is by avoiding behaviors that can
spread the disease, especially injection drug use.
HIV
(Human Immunodeficiency Virus)
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The virus that can lead to Acquired Immune Deficiency
Syndrome (AIDS)
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CDC estimates that ~ 56,000 people in the United States
contracted HIV in 2006.
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HIV damages a person’s body by destroying specific
blood cells, called T cells, which are crucial to helping the
body fight diseases.
HIV
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HIV is spread primarily by:
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Having unprotected sex with an infected person
Having multiple sex partners or the presence of other
sexually transmitted diseases (STDs)
Sharing needles, syringes, or other equipment used to
prepare illicit drugs for injection
Being born to an infected mother—HIV can be passed from
mother to child during pregnancy, birth, or breast-feeding.
HIV Signs & Symptoms
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Some people develop flu-like symptoms that last for 1-2
weeks.
Others have no symptoms at all for several years.
Early HIV infection is associated with many diseases
including cardiovascular disease, kidney disease, liver
disease, and cancer.
AIDS is the late stage of HIV infection, when a person’s
immune system is severely damaged and has difficulty
fighting diseases and certain cancers.
Modes of Transmission
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How are these GERMS (bloodborne pathogens) spread?
They are spread by contaminated blood or other body
fluids (urine, vomit, mucus, semen, etc.) entering the body
of another individual.
Transmission is most likely to occur through:
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An accidental cutting of skin by a sharp object, such as
broken glass that is contaminated;
Contact between broken or damaged skin and infected
body fluids;
Contact between mucous membranes and infected body
fluids.
What is Broken Skin?
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Open sores
Cuts
Scrapes or abrasions
Acne lesions
Any sort of damaged or broken skin, such as sunburn
blisters or mosquito bites that have been scratched.
These are all examples of broken skin that could be a
way for BBP to get into a person’s body and make
him/her sick.
Other Modes of Transmission
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How else can GERMS be spread?
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Splashes in the mucous membranes of the eyes, nose, or
mouth
Unprotected sex with an infected person
Sharing needles with an infected person
These are all other ways for BBP to get
into a person’s body and make him/her sick.
How Are These
GERMS NOT Spread?
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Through touching an infected person
Coughing or sneezing
Using the same equipment, materials, toilets,
water fountains, or showers as an infected person
What Can I Do to Protect Myself?
Use UNIVERSAL PRECAUTIONS
Assume that every person is potentially infected
with germs that could make you sick.
Hand Washing
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Wash your hands with soap and water, rubbing vigorously
for at least 20 seconds, when hands are visibly dirty.
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If hands are not visibly soiled, the preferred method of
hand washing is with an alcohol-based hand rub.
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Wash hands often, especially:
Before eating
After toileting
After taking off gloves
Prevention (PPE)
UNIVERSAL PRECAUTIONS
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Use Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):
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Gloves
Eye protection (goggles)
Face masks/shields
Gloves
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Wear gloves when you anticipate being in contact with
blood or other potentially infectious materials, mucous
membranes, non-intact skin, or potentially contaminated
intact skin.
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Gloves should fit appropriately.
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The custodian or nurse will have a supply of gloves.
Goggles and Masks
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Use goggles and masks to protect the mucous membranes of
the eyes, nose and mouth when you are likely to be exposed
to splashes or sprays of blood, body fluids, secretions and
excretions.
Use a pocket resuscitation mask when performing CPR.
Dispose of gloves and other PPE in trash receptacles as
soon as task is completed.
Wash hands immediately.
Protection
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UNIVERSAL PRECAUTIONS:
Use Appropriate Housekeeping Measures:
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Properly dispose of contaminated waste.
Bandages that are NOT dripping blood can be disposed of
in a regular garbage can.
Bandages that DO drip when squeezed should be disposed
of in a puncture-proof sharps/needle container labeled as
“hazardous.”
Label on hazardous waste container:
What Could Happen at Work to Put Me
At Risk?
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NOT putting on your gloves before dealing with a child
that is vomiting.
NOT putting on your gloves or eye protection if you are a
First Responder dealing with an emergency.
NOT putting on your gloves if there is bleeding involved.
NOT wearing your gloves while you are changing a
diaper.
What else can you think of that may put you at risk?
Hepatitis B Vaccine
Some employees are considered “at risk” due to
the nature of their jobs and should consider being
vaccinated against the Hepatitis B virus.
RCS offers these vaccines free of charge to
these individuals.
RCS “At Risk” Employees
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School secretaries and/or Para Professionals /Educational
Assistants, if they are designated as the persons who deal
with injuries in the normal performance of their duties;
CDC teachers and paraprofessionals working with
developmentally disabled/severely disabled students
Behavior Intervention Class staff & faculty
Bus attendants who work with developmentally disabled
students
First Responder team members
School Nurses
School Custodians
See your school nurse if you are in one of these categories
and are interested in receiving the Hepatitis B Vaccine.
Hepatitis B Vaccine
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A series of 3 injections over a 4 month period
Efficacy: After 3 properly administered doses of vaccine,
approx. 9 out of 10 individuals develop protective
antibodies and immunity to HBV infection.
Safety: Since 1982, >120 million people have been
vaccinated, very rarely with any side effects at all.
Benefits of being vaccinated: peace of mind and physical
immunity to Hepatitis B
Free of charge to “at-risk” employees
TITERS
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For those people deemed “at risk” who receive the 3
shot Hepatitis B series, a blood draw will be done 1-2
months after you receive the 3rd shot in the series to
make sure you acquired immunity to the Hepatitis B
virus.
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If you did not form the antibodies needed to protect
you from Hepatitis B, you will need to repeat the 3
shot series.
Cleaning Blood or Body Fluid Spills
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Wear PPE (gloves and/or goggles) as appropriate.
Carefully cover the “spill” with an absorbent material,
i.e. paper towel, to prevent splashing.
Disinfect with proper solution (*Your custodian will
have the proper equipment.)
Wait 10 minutes to ensure adequate decontamination,
and then carefully wipe up the spilled material. *
Disinfect all mops and cleaning tools after the job is
done. *
Dispose of all contaminated materials appropriately. *
Wash your hands thoroughly with soap and water
immediately after the clean up is complete.
Waste Disposal
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Do NOT pick up broken glass with your bare hands.
Instead, use items such as a brush and dustpan to
pick it up.
Sterilize broken glass that is visibly contaminated
with blood with an approved disinfectant before
cleaning it up.
Dispose of decontaminated glass in an appropriate
sharps container. Sharps containers should be leakproof on sides and bottom, and appropriately
labeled.
Dispose of uncontaminated broken glass in a
closable, puncture resistant container.
What is Considered to be an
“Exposure”?
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An Exposure is any event that involves:
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A cut by a potentially contaminated needle or other
sharp object.
A splash of blood or other potentially infectious
materials to the eyes, mouth, or mucous membranes.
Blood or other potentially infectious materials
contacting broken skin.
Early treatment can significantly reduce the
chance of disease transmission!
When an Employee
Has a Possible Exposure:
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FIRST:
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Clean the area immediately, preferably with soap and
water, or use alcohol-based hand sanitizer.
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For eyes, flush thoroughly with running water.
Then:
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Inform the Principal and/or your supervisor as soon as possible.
If sharps were involved, an entry on the Sharps Injury Log will be
necessary. The OJI contact person will have this. He/she should also
notify the School Nurse.
Complete the First Report of Injury Form.
Include:
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The route of exposure (splash in eye, cut on hand)
How the exposure occurred
Whose blood or body fluids came in contact with you
Complete the Panel of Physicians Form.
You will be seen by the Workman’s Comp physician that you selected
on the Panel of Physicians Form.
At Your Medical Evaluation
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After proper consent, blood work will be drawn from you
and the source individual as soon as feasible.
If not already vaccinated for hepatitis B, the vaccine will
be offered to you, at no cost.
You will be provided with the source individual’s test
results and with information about applicable
confidentiality laws.
Post-Exposure Follow-Up
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After an exposure incident:
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You will receive a copy of the evaluating health care
provider’s written opinion within 15 days of completing
your evaluation.
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The circumstances of the incident will be reviewed and
revisions will be made as needed.
If You Have Any Questions
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Please contact your school nurse if you have other
concerns about BBP.
She is available to answer your questions!
Special Notes For Females of
Childbearing Age
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Some illnesses can be
passed on to the baby and
cause it harm.
Sometimes the risk factor is
based on the gestational age
of the baby.
Or it may be harmful during
the entire pregnancy or only
during childbirth.
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For example: H1N1 flu
puts a pregnant women at
risk any time during the
pregnancy for severe
complications that may
even be life-threatening.
Females of Childbearing Age
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Some children are contagious before they have symptoms
that identify their disease, as is the case with Fifth’s
Disease.
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These kids are no longer contagious once their rash is
manifested, but you have already been exposed.
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Universal Precautions remains an important safeguard, but
doesn’t prevent respiratory (droplet) transmission of germs.
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Keeping a clean work environment is helpful in germ
control by cleaning contaminated surfaces with the proper
cleaning solution.
Females of Childbearing Age
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You need to check with your OB-GYN to determine risk
factors if you are pregnant or plan on becoming pregnant.
The doctor is the expert who knows what might be harmful
to the baby.
Remember to always wear gloves and wash your hands
frequently when dealing with children with a fever, cold or
flu symptoms, general malaise, a rash, when changing a
diaper, or when exposed to blood or body fluids (vomit,
urine, etc.).
Resources
For a complete copy of the regulatory text of the OSHA
standards, please go to the following link at the U. S.
Department of Labor, Occupational Safety and Health
Administration site:
http://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?
p_table=FEDERAL_REGISTER&p_id=16265
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For a copy of the Rutherford County Schools Exposure
Control Plan, please go to the RCS web site and visit the
Health Services page.
Important Concussion Information
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RCS has started an initiative to identify students with a
concussion that may have happened during the school day,
from after schools sports or during any activity.
What is a concussion?
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Brain injury that
changes how the
cells in the brain
normally work.
Caused by a blow to
the head or body that
causes the brain to
move rapidly inside
the skull.
Concussion Facts
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A concussion is a brain injury.
All concussions are serious.
Concussions can occur without a loss of
consciousness.
Concussions can occur in any sport.
Recognition and proper care when they first occur
can help prevent further brain injury.
Concussion
(Mild Traumatic Brain Injury)
 Sometimes are difficult to diagnose.
 Computed Tomography (CT) Scans often appear normal.
 Often detected by those who knew the person prior to
injury (can detect subtle changes).
 Symptoms may include changes in memory, mood and
personality.
 Approximately 75% of all brain injuries are Mild.
 Most people fully recover.
Symptoms Reported by Student
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Headache/pressure in
head
Nausea/vomiting
Balance problems,
dizziness
Vision changes
Sensitivity to light, noise
Inability to stay focused
in class
Does not appear engaged
in class when usually is an
active participant
What Can You Do to Help?
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Be aware that symptoms may not show up until the student has
to focus in class, especially if the injury happened over the
weekend. So your observation is very important.
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Send the student to the school nurse if he/she has any of the
symptoms that may signal a concussion, especially not staying
focused in class if they are generally an active participant in
class.
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If you are interested in more information about
concussions, please contact your school nurse or go to the
RCS homepage and view the Concussion PowerPoint on
the Health Services site.
Be sure to sign the log provided by
your supervisor documenting that
you have viewed this training
presentation.
See your school nurse with any
questions.