Transcript State of Georgia BASIC FIRE FIGHTER TRAINING COURSE

State of Georgia
BASIC FIRE FIGHTER TRAINING COURSE
Module 1
EMERGENCY MEDICAL CARE
INFECTIOUS DISEASE CONTROL
Universal Precautions
 Assume all patients are infectious
 Treat all body fluids as infectious
 Use precautions when using sharps
 Wash immediately if contaminated with
blood/body fluids
 Clean, disinfect, & sterilize equipment
properly
Emergency Medical Care (M-1)
2
INFECTIOUS DISEASE CONTROL
Program Components
 Written infection control policy
 Annual training
 Infection control officer
 Health maintenance program: hep B, TB
 Medical Personal Protective Equipment
(Med PPE) readily available
 FD facility Cleaning & decontamination
areas
Emergency Medical Care (M-1)
3
INFECTIOUS DISEASE CONTROL
Medical Personal Protective Equipment
 Always wear latex gloves
 Wear masks & eye protection
 Wear protective clothing
 Use airway equipment during artificial
respiration efforts
 Avoid putting your hands around your
face
 Clean & dispose of equipment using
universal precautions
Emergency Medical Care (M-1)
4
SCENE ASSESSMENT
Emergency Medical Care (M-1)
5
SCENE SIZE-UP
Begins While En-route
 Form a mental picture of what to expect
based on the particular location
 Think of what to expect based on the
nature of the call
 Mentally review treatment procedures
Emergency Medical Care (M-1)
6
SCENE SIZE-UP
Upon Arrival
 Try to get the “big picture” of the emergency
scene
 Determine if additional personnel and/or
equipment are needed
 Call for additional help if needed
Emergency Medical Care (M-1)
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DETERMINE SCENE SAFETY
 Remember your own safety first: wear Med-PPE
 Be aware of environmental hazards
• electrical & gas hazards
• hazardous materials
• traffic hazards
 Be aware of potential violence
• patients
• people at the scene
Emergency Medical Care (M-1)
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DETERMINE SCENE SAFETY
Be aware of unstable scenes
• buildings
• vehicles
Be aware of & use necessary
precautions for infectious diseases
Emergency Medical Care (M-1)
9
GETTING INFORMATION
Bystanders
Patient
Mechanism of Injury
Items around victim:
• drug bottles
• other drug materials
Emergency Medical Care (M-1)
10
PRIMARY SURVEY
A systematic assessment of victims to
find and correct life threatening
injuries
Emergency Medical Care (M-1)
11
PRIMARY SURVEY
 Use all appropriate Med-PPE
 Survey must follow sequential order
 Alert patients able to answer questions have
“ABC’s”
 Assume all unconscious and trauma victims
to have spinal injury
• Do NOT move cervical spine [neck]
 Determine responsiveness before survey
Emergency Medical Care (M-1)
12
PRIMARY SURVEY
ABC & Check
 Airway:
• Open airway (with C-spine control)
 Breathing:
• Look, listen & feel
 Circulation:
• Check Carotid pulse
 Check for severe bleeding
Emergency Medical Care (M-1)
13
SOFT TISSUE INJURIES
Injuries to the skin or the underlying tissue
which may result in external or internal
bleeding and can lead to shock or death
 Lacerations
 Burns
Emergency Medical Care (M-1)
14
TYPES OF EXTERNAL BLEEDING
 ARTERIAL BLEEDING
 VENOUS BLEEDING
 CAPILLARY BLEEDING
Emergency Medical Care (M-1)
15
CONTROLLING EXTERNAL BLEEDING

Direct pressure

Elevation

Pressure Point
Emergency Medical Care (M-1)
16
CONTROLLING EXTERNAL BLEEDING
 TOURNIQUETS?
• Used only in very rare cases
• May cause more damage
• The victim may lose the entire limb
Emergency Medical Care (M-1)
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