Transcript Infectious Disease mv

Infectious Disease
Chapter 21
Infectious disease:
(also called communicable)
• Infectious diseases are caused by
(micro)/organisms or viruses that enter the
body and multiply.
• Not all microorganisms are harmful or
cause disease. Some are helpful and
essential for good health
• Pathogens (germs): microorganisms and
viruses that cause disease
Pathogens
(disease causing organisms)
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Bacteria
Viruses
Fungi
Protozoa
Bacteria
• Single celled organisms
found everywhere
• Treated with antibiotics to
kill or control growth
• Good and bad types
• Bacterial infections:
tetanus, TB, strept throat,
sinus infection, staph,
cholera, anthrax
Virus
• Extremely small
organism
• Can’t cure with
medicine
• Some preventable
through vaccines
• Viral infections: cold,
flu, chicken pox,
warts, cold sores,
West Nile, hepatitis
Fungus
• Relies on other living
or dead organisms to
survive
• Includes yeast,
molds, mildew
• Include: athletes foot,
ringworm, jock itch,
yeast infections
Protozoa
• An organism that uses
other living things like,
your body, for food and a
place to live.
• Protozoa are single celled
parasites
• Diseases include:
tapeworm, malaria, and
amebic dysentery,
trichina worm (pork)
MRSA
Methicillian Resistant Staphyloccus Aureus
A deadly strain of bacteria that’s becoming resistant to common
antibiotics
• Infects 90,000 Americans a year and is increasing
• Kills 19,000 Americans a year
• Symptoms include: warm and tender skin, sores, boils, draining
puss, redness, swelling, and high fever
• Left untreated can destroy muscle tissue and lead to life threatening
infections in bones and vital organs
• In the past, it was typically acquired in the hospitals
• Becoming very common in homes, schools, locker rooms, and
health clubs
• Athletes are at higher risk because of their environment and physical
contact in their sport
Protecting Yourself From MRSA
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Cover cuts and open sores
Wash hands with warm soapy water often
Clean surfaces and other areas with bleach solutions
Be vigilant with doctors
In the gym:
• Don’t share items like towels or razors
• Cover cuts, scraps, and sores
• Don’t go barefoot in locker room or showers – wear flip flops
• Shower immediately after gym or locker room
• Wash gym clothes to kill bacteria instead of putting back in locker
How Pathogens are Spread
• Infected People: direct contact with
person like shaking hands, other bodily
contact, and kissing or indirectly like
coughing or sneezing where the
pathogens are airborne.
• Contaminated Objects (fomite): some
pathogens can survive for a period of time
on objects such as door knobs, towels,
needles, and glasses
• Infected Animal: animal that are infected can
pass disease through bites. Examples include
malaria, West Nile, lyme disease, and rabies
• Contaminated Food & Water: Some pathogens
are naturally present in food and soil. Proper
food preparation can prevent disease.
Contaminated water is a another big source of
disease like cholera and hepatitis A.
Defense Against Infectious Disease
Physical Barriers
Help keep germs from entering the body
• Skin: keep germs from getting in body and sheds taking
germs with it. Sweat acts as chemical barrier which
contains acids that kill many bacteria.
• Hair and Cilia: tiny hairs around eyes and nose trap
germs. Cilia are tiny hairs that line mucus membranes
like in your air passages. They move pathogens out back
out of your airway.
• Saliva &Tears: trap pathogens and wash them away.
They also contain chemicals that attack pathogens.
• Mucus: sticky substance that trap germs found in your
nose and other areas that have openings.
• Digestive System: chemicals like acid in your stomach
that kill many pathogens
Internal Defense
The Immune System
• Battles the germs that get by the physical
barriers.
• Consists of different cells and antibodies
that engulf and destroy germs
• Important to keep our immune system
strong through a healthy diet, plenty of
rest, and stress management.
Prevention tips to minimize
transmission of germs
• Keep contact to a minimum with those who have a cold
• When you come close to someone who has a cold, wash
your hands thoroughly with soap and water as soon as
possible
• Keep hands and fingers away from nose, mouth and
eyes
• Don’t share food, drinking glasses or eating utensils
• Wash plates, glasses, silverware in hot soapy water after
each use
• Get plenty of rest and eat healthy, dress appropriately for
weather, and manage stress to strengthen immune
system
• Vaccinations