Transcript Sexually Transmitted Diseases

Sexually Transmitted Diseases
STD’s stands for sexually
transmitted diseases
 Sexually transmitted diseases affect
the male and female reproductive
systems and much more as you will
soon learn……
 Sometimes referred to as sexually
transmitted infections, because often
times there are no symptoms, but the
infection can lead to health problems
Among the nearly 19 million new sexually
transmitted cases each year, which age
group makes up nearly half of the
population of people who are affected?
 15-24 year olds Why? Well…..
 Probably because many young people feel they are
“invincible”-this means they have the attitude that
nothing can happen to them, so they are more likely to
engage in risky behavior which puts them at greater risk
for STD’s and accidents
 Also, they are more likely than other age groups to have
multiple partners
 Their condom use is more likely to be inconsistent
 And they are less likely to get tested for an STD
ABSTINENCE
 Sexual abstinence means to voluntarily choose to refrain
from engaging in any type of sexual activity that can lead to
STI’s or pregnancy
 ABSTAINING FROM SEX IS THE ONLY 100% SURE WAY
TO REMAIN FREE OF SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED
DISEASES
Female Reproductive System
Male Reproductive System
TWO TYPES OF STDS
Bacterial
Viral
 Chlamydia
 Herpes
 Syphilis
 HIV-leads to AIDS
 Gonorrhea
 HPV
 Hepatitis B, and C
* These are curable with
antibiotics
* These are NOT curable,
they are with you for life.
They can only be treated.
Before I Continue…
 Make sure you know that the most COMMON symptom of
an STD is having NO SYMPTOMs
 So if you think you have been infected with an STD, get an
STD test- they are free at local many clinics.
Chlamydia
 Infectious Agent: Bacteria
 Transmission:
The bacteria that causes Chlamydia are
transmitted by sexual contact with the penis,
vagina, anus, or mouth
Effects on women/babyCan cause tubal (ectopic) pregnancies and can infect babies at
birth, causing eye infections or pneumonia; can cause painful
pelvic inflammatory disease, infertility, and heart disease
Treatment: antibiotics
Chlamydia
Symptoms in women
Symptoms in men
 Increased vaginal
 Burning sensation
discharge
 Painful urination
 Unusual vaginal
bleeding
 May be
asymptomatic
(means no
symptoms)
during urination
 Clear to white
urethral discharge
 Also may be
asymptomatic
“Ectopic” means out of place; in an ectopic pregnancy
the egg is fertilized in a place other than the uterus,
usually the fallopian tubes
Ectopic, or tubal
pregnancies can be
dangerous, as the
baby grows the organ
it is in can rupture
and the woman can
die as a result.
Only the uterus is
designed to nourish
and house a growing
embryo/fetus.
Syphilis- caused by the Treponema pallidum,
spiral -shaped bacteria
 Stage 1- chancre sores on genitals at site of infection, usually
painless and heal on their own after a few weeks; but unless
treated with antibiotics, the infection progresses to the blood
and enters stage 2
 Stage 2-usually involves a rash; may also experience fever, sore
throat, swollen lymph glands, hair loss, fatigue, and muscle cramps
 Stage 3 (hidden phase) and 4 -If not treated infection
continues-could be 10 years later- involves damage to internal
organs, such as the brain, eyes, nerves, heart, blood vessels, joints,
liver, etc. Paralyses, blindness and dementia, death can result.
Syphilis is most infectious the first 1-2 years of infection.
This a picture of a chancre sore caused by syphilis . It
may be a single, painless sore, but it is possible to
have multiple sores- the sores are infectious
Secondary Stage Syphilis- rash on
skin
Secondary Syphilis on the back
and arms of an AIDS patient
Another Rash from a syphilis
patient
Gonorrhea
 Transmission: Caused by a bacterium that can grow and
multiply in warm, moist areas, like the reproductive tract.
Spread through vaginal, anal, and oral sex; can also grow in
the mouth, eyes, throat, and anus (ejaculation does not have
to occur to spread the disease)
 Treatment: antibiotics
 Effects on pregnant women/baby: Premature birth, eye
infection in baby which can lead to blindness
GONORRHEA
Infectious agent: bacteria
Long-term effects: In women, gonorrhea can
lead to painful infection of the pelvic area
(PID), arthritis, tubal (ectopic) pregnancies
and even sterility (the inability to have
children). In men, it can lead to epididymitis.
In both men and women it can spread to the
blood and joints and be life threatening
Symptoms: In women, burning sensation during
urination, a thick discharge from the vagina,
and abdominal pain. In men, a white, yellowish
or greenish discharge from the penis and
burning sensation during urination
Genital Herpes
 Infectious agent: Virus related to the virus causing cold
sores and fever blisters
 Long term-effects: The herpes virus stays in the body for
life and may cause repeated outbreaks of sores. Rare: can
cause blindness if eye becomes infected
 Symptoms: Painful blisters that break open, scab, and heal
in weeks; found on the sex organs or mouth
HERPES
 Transmission: The virus that causes herpes is transmitted
through any sexual contact with the penis, vagina, mouth, or
anus. Most infectious before, during, or after an outbreakopen sores make transmission more likely, but do NOT need
to be present for transmission to occur
 Effects on pregnant women/baby: If she has open sores
during delivery, herpes can infect the baby and cause
blindness, damage to the nervous system, and even death of
baby
HPV (Human Papilloma Virus)
Infectious agent: Virus
Long term effects: The virus that causes genital
warts often remains in tissue under the skin, even
after removal of the warts. HPV Increases the risk of cancer of
the cervix, penis, and anus (there are more than 100 different
types of HPV- 40 of them can be passed on during sex- the
types that cause genital warts are not the same as the ones
that cause penile and anal cancer)
Symptoms: Small, painless, cauliflower-like hard
spots or bumps inside or outside of the vagina, on
the cervix, penis, or anus. Most often there are no
symptoms
HPV
Transmission: The virus that causes genital warts
is transmitted through vaginal, anal, and oral sex
Treatment: Genital warts can NOT be cured!! They
can be treated with creams, cauterization (burning),
or cryosurgery (freezing) in a doctor’s office. But
they are with you for life and you can transmit the
virus to others through sexual contact.
Now there is a vaccine that can prevent HPV, but it
needs to be administered to girls before they are
sexually active in order to be effective.
Genital Warts can be on the outside of the vagina,
in the inside of the vagina, or be in the cervix of
females, or in their anus
Cervical Cancer can be caused by
some types of HPV
 Females who begin having sex before the age of 20 are more
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at risk for abnormal cells in the cervix
Females who have had more than three partners in their
lifetime-the greater the number of sexual partners, the
greater the risk of acquiring HPV
Having Immunosuppressive disorders like HIV/AIDS can
increase the risk of developing HPV infections
Smoking increases the risk of cervical cancer
Long-term use of oral contraceptives increase the risk, too
HPV – causes genital warts
Pubic Lice
Infectious agent: External parasite, commonly
called “crabs”
Long term effects: Discomfort and infection of
others
Symptoms: Intense itching in genital or anal region, and/or
where there is body hair
Transmission: Close physical contact or using clothing,
bedding, or towels of infected person
Treatment: Curable with over the counter shampoos and
creams as well as washing all bed and clothing
Hepatitis A
 Viral disease that affects the liver lasts from weeks to months;
it does not lead to a chronic infection
 Transmission: ingestion of fecal matter through
contaminated food or drinks
 Vaccination available for all starting at age 1
Hepatitis B
 A liver disease caused by the hepatitis B virus
 Can be mild or severe and might lead to liver disease or liver
cancer , can go away on its own
 Transmission: contact with infectious blood, semen, and
other body fluids from having sex with an infected person,
sharing contaminated needles to inject drugs, or from an
infected mother to her newborn
 Vaccination is available hepatitis B
Hepatitis C
 A liver disease caused by the hepatitis C virus
 Often a chronic condition that can lead to cirrhosis of the liver or
liver cancer
 Transmission: Contact with blood from an infected person; but
can also be spread through sex, sharing needles used for tattooing
and other body piercings, sharing razors and tooth brushes (rare),
can also be transmitted from mother to baby
*There is currently no vaccine for hepatitis C
People with hepatitis cannot donate blood and must take precautions not
to spread the virus to someone else
Hepatitis C leads to inflammation of the
liver. Why is this a bad thing?
 When the liver is inflamed, it doesn’t do a good job of
getting rid of waste products. One waste product is bilirubin
(billy-roo-bin) and it begins to build up in the blood and
tissues when the liver isn’t working right. When bilirubin
builds up in the blood and tissues, it causes the affected
person’s skin to turn a yellowish-orange color. This is called
jaundice ( a sign of an unhealthy liver).
HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus)
 HIV is the virus that causes AIDS and is spread through anal, oral,
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and vaginal sex
AIDS stands for Acquired Immune Deficiency syndrome
HIV is the virus that causes AIDS (may take years to develop to
AIDS)
HIV takes over the T white blood cells and begins to weaken the
immune system, so eventually the patient gets sick from infections
that their body normally would have been able to fight off had they
not had the virus
There is NO CURE, although it can be treated better now days- note
that the meds are expensive and many have side effects that don’t
make you feel good
Candida Thrush
 Yeast infection of the mouth and tongue
 Thrush is caused by forms of a fungus called Candida
 The organism lives in your mouth and is usually kept in check
by healthy organisms in your mouth, but when your
resistance to infection is low, the fungus can grow (common
among AIDS patients)
Candida Thrush- common among HIV/AIDS
patients or other people with a weakened immune
system
Ways to Prevent Getting a STD
 Abstinence (the best, 100% sure way!)
 Use condoms every time you have sex (used correctly-
98% effective rate)
 If you are in a relationship, have you and your partner
tested for an STD then stay monogamous – this means
having and being with one partner only
*Being promiscuous is a risk factor for getting an STDthis means having many sexual partners, but
remember- you can catch an STD even if you have
been with just one person! You don’t know who that
one person has been with!
-Avoid alcohol abuse and using drugs, as these substances
can cloud your normal thinking and cause you to make poor
decisions, like having sex with someone
Condoms help make sex safer, but no sex is
really safe from STDs; for example, herpes
and HPV can still be spread by contact with
the exposed area during sex
Ways to Show Affection that Do Not Lead to
STI’s and no risk of getting pregnant, or
getting someone pregnant
 Hugging
 Cuddling
 Kissing (exception- can spread oral herpes, but so can sharing
glasses with someone)
 Dry sex (with clothes on)
 Holding hands
 Spending time at the mall, movies, playing video games,
studying together, going out for ice cream, skating, etc
The Benefits of Abstaining from Sex
●You will remain free of all STDs
●No risk of having a baby before you are ready, or becoming a
father before you are ready to be one
(parenting is hard work and requires emotional maturity,
money, and more- and is a job best suited for adults)
●You can focus on YOU- your goals, school work, hobbies,
family and friends
● No stress of having to deal with telling your parents you have
an STD or pregnancy, and no stress of just having to deal
with all that stuff.
Ms. Helal’s last words of wisdom to her
awesome students:
1.Remember, many teens ARE choosing to abstain from sex in spite
of what it may look like from t.v. and movies
2. Remember to take care of your body and treat it with respect.
3. Do not ever feel pressured to have sex- ever- you can always say
no. Again, it is YOUR body.You have that right.
4. Listen to your values and to the values your parents may have
instilled in you
5. Again, yes, some teens are having sex, but many are not.
6. Abstaining from sex is the safest way to go 
Chancre Sore From Syphilis