Transcript HE_912_912Unit1_less2_att_HealthandWellness_1516

Health
and
Wellness
7/23/2015
1
Before the 1900’s what was the leading
cause of death?
INFECTIOUS DISEASES
Why?
People lived their life until something went
wrong and then they would go see a doctor to
get it fixed. The problem with this was that it
might not have be able to be fixed. At that time,
there was not much focus on prevention.
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Infectious Diseases
are diseases that are
spread through pathogens.
Pathogens are agents that invade the
body and cause you to be sick.
The 2 most common pathogens are
Bacteria and Viruses.
What is the difference between
Bacteria and Viruses?
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Bacteria are
single celled
organisms that
can be treated
with medication.
Antibiotics can
slow or kill the
growth of the
bacteria if taken
completely.
Viruses are tiny
pathogens that
survive and
replicate only
inside living cells.
They cannot be
killed with
antibiotics. Any
medication taken
treats the
symptoms.
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Infectious Diseases are spread 4 ways:
Person to person
Food and water
Environment
Animals
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1. Infection
Stages of
2. Incubation Diseases
Pathogen
Multiplies
3. Prodromal
(Symptoms)
4. Illness
When a pathogen enters the body, it
goes through certain stages before
your body gets rid of it.
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Relapse
May
Occur
5. Recovery/
Death
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How does our body
fight off infections?
The first line of defense
against pathogens
is our
SKIN
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What is inflammation and how
does it help fight infection?
• Inflammation is a response that
shows that the body is attacking
pathogens.
• Inflammation is the 2nd line of
defense against disease.
• Inflammation is a reaction to injury or
infection that is characterized by pain,
redness, and swelling.
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If a pathogen gets past the physical
barriers, what is the last line of
defense against infections?
The white blood cells produce antibodies
that travel through the lymphatic system
to fight the pathogens.
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Stages of the Immune System
Recognition
As the pathogen is
going through its
stages, the immune
system is also going
through stages
to get rid of the
pathogen.
Mobilization
Immunity
Disposal
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So how can we
prevent infectious
diseases from
spreading?
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Some infectious diseases can be
prevented by
• An immunization (vaccine) is a shot used to
help prevent contracting a specific disease.
• A small amount of the pathogen is put in the
body so the immune system can develop
antibodies. Then if you are exposed to that
same pathogen, you can fight it off without
getting the disease.
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Laws about Immunization…
The Texas Department of Health has ruled that
students must have up to date immunizations in
order to attend school unless an exemption has
been filed with the school.
Reason for Exemptions:
•
•
•
•
•
Medical
Unless it is written in the statement that a lifelong
condition exists, the exemption statement is valid for
only one year from the date signed by the physician.
Religious
Too soon after another immunization
Immune due to having had the disease
Vaccine shortage
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What are some other things
you can do to help prevent
yourself from getting sick?
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•
•
•
•
•
Eat right
Get enough sleep
Exercise
Do not smoke
Get regular
checkups
• Practice good
hygiene
• Reduce stress
• Drink plenty of
water
• Get vaccines
• Avoid sick people
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So if Infectious Diseases used
to be the leading cause of
death in the 1900’s…
…what do you think is
the leading cause
of death today?
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LIFESTYLE DISEASES
Why?
While we take more preventive measures
against getting sick, we make poorer
lifestyle choices that affect our health.
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Lifestyle Diseases got their name
because they are greatly influenced by
the choices we make like smoking, bad
eating habits, lack of exercise, not
getting enough sleep, etc…
These are called
CONTROLLABLE FACTORS
because we have control over these
choices. We can change them if we want.
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While our lifestyle choices have a great
influence on us getting certain diseases,
there are also some other factors that
can contribute to disease. However, we
do have not have any control over
these factors. These are called
UNCONTROLLABLE
FACTORS
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What are 4 things about yourself that you
cannot change that can influence you
getting certain diseases?
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Other factors affecting our
health today…
What do you think is the
leading cause of death
among teenagers?
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#1 Motor Vehicle Accidents
MAKE UP 67% OF ALL DEATHS
AGES 15-19
(out of all unintentional injuries 42%).
In 2009, more than 3,000 teens in the US
aged 15–19 were killed and more than
350,000 were treated in emergency
departments for injuries suffered in motor
vehicle crashes.
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Did you know…
Newly licensed teens, teens driving with passengers,
and male teenagers have the highest risks for motor
vehicle accidents.
Males are 2 times more likely than females to be
involved in a crash.
In 2010, 22% of teen drivers involved in fatal motor
vehicle crashes were drinking.
Teens have the lowest rate of seatbelt use.
Teen drivers are 3 times more likely than drivers
aged 20 and older to be in a fatal crash.
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Factors that often lead to car
crashes are
SPEEDING,
AGGRESSIVENESS, &
IMPAIRED DRIVING.
But the factor that contributes most often
to automobile accidents is…
Driver Behavior
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What do you think are
some of the most common
driver behaviors
that lead to crashes?
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One of the biggest growing
problems is
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40% of all American teens say they have been in
the car when the driver used a cell phone in a
way that put people in danger.
• Text messaging creates a crash risk 23 times
worse than driving while not distracted.
Sending or receiving a text takes a driver’s eyes
away from the road for an average of 4.6
seconds. While driving 55 MPH, that is like driving
the length of an entire football field blind.
• Drivers that use hand-held devices are 4 times
more likely to get into a serious crash.
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What are some things you can do to help
avoid being in an accident?
• Don’t drive under the influence.
• Avoid driving while tired.
• Leave room between you and the car in
front of you, especially if the weather is
bad.
• Drive the speed limit.
• Wear your seat belt.
• Be courteous to other drivers.
• Be aware of road conditions.
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Organ Donation: when you get your
driver’s license, you have an option to
choose to be an organ donor.
What are your thoughts about
organ donation?
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Organ Donation
◦ One Donor Can:
 Save the lives of 8 people.
 Enhance the lives of more than 50 people.
◦ Fast Facts:
 More than 110,000 people are waiting for a
transplant.
 More than 10,000 of those people are from
Texas.
 Every 10 minutes a new name is added to the
waiting list.
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Donating Organs:
• Even if a teenager signs the back of his or
her driver’s license to indicate organ
donor status, the family still has to give
permission in the event of a tragedy.
• Anyone can go online and register to be
an organ donor at
www.donatelifetexas.org/register
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Myths and facts about organ donation:
MYTH: If I am in an accident and the hospital
knows that I want to be an organ and tissue donor,
the doctors will not try to save my life.
Truth: Organ and tissue recovery takes place only
after all efforts to save your life have been
exhausted and death has been legally declared.
MYTH: I am not the right age for organ
or tissue donation.
TRUTH: Organs may be donated from birth to
old age. There is no age limit for tissue donation.
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Myth: Rich and famous people go to the top
of the list when they need a donor organ.
Fact: The rich and famous aren't given priority
when it comes to allocating organs. It may
seem that way because of the amount of
publicity generated when celebrities receive a
transplant, but they are treated no differently
from anyone else. The reality is that celebrity
and financial status are not considered in
organ allocation.
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The other leading causes of death
among teenagers:
# 2 Homicide
~MAKES UP 17% OF ALL DEATHS AGES 15-19
#3 Suicide
~MAKES UP 15% OF ALL DEATHS AGES 15-19
#4 Cancer
~MAKES UP
6% OF ALL DEATHS AGES 15-19
#5 Heart Disease
~MAKES UP
3% OF ALL DEATHS AGES 15-19
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CDC 2009
While unintentional
injury is listed as the
#1 cause of death
with 4,807 deaths, of
those deaths, 3,242
are from
motor vehicle
accidents,
so we consider
motor vehicle
accidents as the #1
cause of death
among 15 – 19 yr.
olds.
Cause of Death
# of Deaths Percent
Unintentional injury
Motor Vehicle Traffic
Poisoning
Drowning
Other Transportation
Suffocation
Fall
Fire/Burn
All Other
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4,807
42%
3,242 67.40%
715 14.90%
279 5.80%
203 4.20%
61 1.30%
58 1.20%
56 1.20%
193
4%
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What are some other
types of unintentional
injury?
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An injury caused
by electricity
entering the body.
This can destroy
vital tissues
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A fatal injury caused by
an inability to breathe
when the nose and
mouth are blocked
or when the body
becomes oxygendeficient
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The most common types of
unintentional injuries in the
workplace are
Falls.
Explosions.
Toxic hazards.
Electrocution.
Fires.
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What is the government agency that
was created to help prevent workrelated injuries, illness, and death?
Occupational
Safety
Health
Administration
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RULES OF GUN SAFETY
•
Assume every gun is
loaded until you have
checked the action of the
gun yourself.
• Open the action of the gun
when you first pick it up.
• Open the action of the gun
before passing it to another
person.
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OTHER RULES OF GUN SAFETY
•
Never shoot at a hard flat surface or water.
•
Never drink or take drugs before or while shooting.
•
Always be sure the action and barrel are clear of
obstructions.
•
Store hunting arms under lock and key and in a
separate location from the ammunition.
•
Always unload before crossing a ditch, climbing a
fence, entering a stand, or encountering an obstacle.
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Who helps to keep a community
healthy?
What role do health care
professionals and/or agencies have
in promoting a healthy community?
Do you know
what some of the
health care
agencies are in
our community?
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Preventive Options
PROVIDER
WHO
Community
Adults
Unity Care Clinic Children
Homeless
Walk-ins
WHAT
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Adult Primary Care
Pediatric Care
Women’s Health
Behavioral Health
Dental Health
HIV
ARCH-Healthcare for the
Homeless
• Hospital care
• Pharmacy
• Family Planning
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Preventive Options
PROVIDER
People’s Clinic
WHO
Adults
Children
(By
appointment
only)
WHAT
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Adult Medicine
Reproductive Health
Prenatal Care
Pediatrics
Breastfeeding Counseling
Adolescent Health
Social Work Services
• Chronic Disease
Management
• Integrated Behavioral
Health
• Tandem Teen Prenatal &
Parenting
Program
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Preventive Options
PROVIDER
WHO
WHAT
Primary Care
Physician
Adults
Children
• Any basic medical care
• Immunizations
After Hours
Clinics
Adults
Children
• Any basic medical care
• Immunizations
Urgent Care
Clinics
Adults
Children
• Any basic medical care
• Immunizations
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Treatment Options
PROVIDER
WHO
WHAT
Any place listed on previous slides as well as…
Emergency
Rooms
Adults
Children
Uninsured
• Any emergency health
concern
• Any injury
Hospitals
Adults
Children
Uninsured
• Any emergency health
concern
• Any injury
• Surgery
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If you were an expensive, one-of-akind car, what measures would you
take to make sure you stayed
in tip-top condition?
What measures do
you take to
prevent anything
going wrong with
your body?
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