Transcript PowerPoint Presenation

Infectious Disease
Chapter 28 Lessons 1-3
Group 9
By: Doug Pokorny, Ashley Trammell,
Joseph Javier, Jacqueline Smith, Ryan
Johnson
Who we are Presenting to
Age: 6th Grade Students
Sex: Equal boys and girls
Socioeconomic status: Primarily white middle
class with other students from mixed
backgrounds
Objectives
 Define infectious disease
 How are infectious diseases spread?
 How does your body fight disease?
 Immunization
Common infectious diseases
 Common sense
You will be able to…
 Define the term infectious disease
 List 3 common modes of disease
transmission
 Recognize situations in which disease
transmission is likely to occur
You will be able to…
 Name 1 way to help keep your immune
system response high
 List 2 differences between active and
passive immunization
 List 2 differences between nonspecific
and specific resistance.
Why we are here
Infectious disease is something that
everyone comes in contact with.
We need to know how to protect
ourselves and those around us!
What is an infectious
disease?
An infectious disease is a disease
caused by organisms that enter and
multiply within the human body
What is an infectious
disease?
• These microorganisms are also known as
pathogens
• pathogens are bacteria, viruses,
rickettsias, protozoans, and fungi
• They are so small, you can not see them
with the naked eye
How infectious diseases
spread
Direct and Indirect methods from:
• humans to humans
• animals to humans
• plants to humans
Human to Human
o
o
o
o
Direct
Sneezing
Coughing
Touching
Mother to unborn
baby
o
o
Indirect
Touching
something that is
infected
Drinking after
someone with an
infectious disease
Animal to Human
o
Direct
Eating animals
o
Bugs biting you
o
o
Getting
scratched by an
animal
Getting Stung
o
o
Indirect
Petting animals
then touching your
mucous membrane
Drinking water
after an
infectious animal
Plant to Animal
• Eating unwashed fruits and
vegetables
• Touching fruits then putting your
fingers in your eyes or mouth
Ways To Avoid Spreading
Disease
• Wash You Hands a lot
• Cover your mouth with a tissue when you
sneeze or cough
• Don’t let people drink after you
• Keep your fluids to yourself
Ways To Avoid Catching
An Infectious Disease
• Wash your hands
• Protect yourself against bugs
• Wash fruits and vegetables before
you eat them
• Do not drink or eat after anyone
• Don’t eat undercooked meat or eggs
Wash Your Hands!
Your Body
How does your body fight off
infectious disease?
Immune Response
• Nonspecific Resistance
• External-skin & mucous
membranes
• Internal-inflammation, interferon,
natural killer cells,
Immune Response
• Specific Resistance
– Lymphocytes
•
•
•
•
Memory Cells
Effector Cells
B-Cells
Antibodies
Immune Response
• Specific Resistance
– Cell Immunity
• T-Cells
• Helper T-Cell Activation
• Cytotoxic T-Cell Activation
Taking Care of Your
Immune System
• Good Nutrition
–
–
–
–
Wash food
Refrigerate foods that spoil
Take Vitamins
Eat healthy
• Immunization
Immunization
• What is Immunization?
– Help for the body’s defense system
• There are 2 types
– Passive
– Active
Passive Immunization
• Immediate protection
• Short lived
• Blood with antibodies taken from
host
Active Immunization
• Known as vaccination
• Causes antibodies but not disease
• Two main types
– Live-virus
– Killed-virus
Live-Virus Vaccines
• Contain living viruses
• Genetically weakened
• Weakened through animal filtering
Killed-Virus Vaccines
• Contained killed viruses
• Less powerful
• Booster shots
• Typhoid fever, Cholera, Rabies
Immunization
Importance
• State by state law
• Needed for work and school
• Diseases still there
Common Infectious
Diseases
•
•
•
•
•
The common cold
Influenza
Strep throat
Mononucleosis
Can you list more?
Symptoms of the
Common Cold
• The Common Cold
–
–
–
–
–
–
Mucous buildup making it hard to breathe
Swelling of sinuses
Sneezing
Sore throat
Coughing
Headache
Symptoms of Influenza
• (Flu)
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Respiratory Tract Infection
Chills
Fever
Headache & muscle ache
Weakness
Dry throat
Fever (100-104 degrees F)
Symptoms of Strep
Throat
•
–
–
–
–
–
–
“Strep”
Fever
Enlarged lymph nodes
Pain when swallowing
Malaise (feeling sick)
Headache
Nausea, vomiting and abdominal pain in
children
Symptoms of
Mononucleosis
• “Mono”
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Fever
Sore throat
Enlarged lymph nodes
Drowsiness
Loss of appetite
Muscle aches
Enlarged Spleen
Common Sense
• Keep your body
healthy
• Store and
prepare food
safely
• Avoid sharing
food
• Treat illnesses and
cover mouth when
sneeze
• Throw tissues in
trash can
• Shower every day
Common Sense
When I cough or go kerchoo,
This is what I always do.
I cover my mouth with a tissue,
So my germs won't get on you!
Disease will still spread
No matter how many precautions you
take, you can still get a disease.
Its not your fault!
The End!
Check
www.cdc.gov
Or contact Gainesville’s Health
Department at (352)334-7900
For more information!