Transcript Infections that are acquired as result of healthcare interventions

Assessment
1. What are Healthcare Associated Infections
(HCAIs)?
100%
1. Infections that are only
caught in hospitals
2. Infections that are
acquired as result of
healthcare
interventions
3. When a healthcare
employee comes into
work with an infection
0%
1
0%
2
3
Correct answer 2 - Infections that are
acquired as result of healthcare interventions
 HCAI are infections that are acquired as result of healthcare
interventions.
 Infections develop as a direct result of any contact in a
healthcare setting.
 Numerous factors increase the risk of individuals acquiring an
infection.
 Poor standards of infection control practice increase the risk
of occurrence.
2. Which of the following is one of the major
potential causes of transmission of microorganisms in the healthcare setting?
25%
25%
25%
25%
1.
2.
3.
4.
Clothing
Medical equipment
Patient case notes
Hand of a
healthcare worker
5. Toilet facilities
0%
1
2
3
4
5
Correct answer 4 - Hand of a
healthcare worker
Effective hand decontamination is one of the most
effective measures in the prevention of cross
infection
3. What makes a person vulnerable to
infection?
1. Low immunity
2. Poor physical
resistance
3. Very young
4. Very old
5. Malnourished
6. Underlying
disease
7. All of the above
25%
25%
0%
1
2
25%
0%
3
4
25%
0%
5
6
7
Correct answer 7 - All of the above
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Genes - minor or major genetic abnormalities can reduce immunity, leaving
people especially vulnerable to infection
Age - young children and older people are more vulnerable to infection and
less able to fight it off
Illness - chronic illness can reduce the efficiency of the immune system
Medicines - many medicines suppress the immune system, such as the
steroids used for asthma
Surgery - the skin forms a major barrier to infection but cuts and wounds
from trauma or surgery enable micro-organisms to enter the body
Malnourishment - nutritional deficiencies can affect how well the immune
system works.
Patients are particularly vulnerable to infection because their immune
systems tend to have been weakened by disease. Previous exposure - if
your body's been exposed to the germ before (or one like it), your immune
system may be able to get into action more rapidly.
4. What is meant by PPE?
100%
1. Powered Portable
Equipment
2. Personal Protective
Equipment
3. Patient Personal Enquiry
0%
1
0%
2
3
Correct answer 2 - Personal
Protective Equipment
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) is specialised equipment
worn by an employee for protection against infectious materials.
PPE prevents contact with an infectious agent or body fluid that
may contain an infectious agent, by creating a barrier between
the potential infectious material and the healthcare worker.
5. Why should wristwatches, rings and
jewellery be removed before washing hands?
25%
25%
25%
2
3
25%
1. Because they cause injury
to the patients
2. Because they discourage
effective hand hygiene
technique
3. Because the staff uniform
policy says you are not
allowed to wear them
4. All of the above
1
4
Correct answer 2 - Because they discourage
effective hand hygiene technique
Hand washing is hampered by the wearing of rings and they
may interfere with thorough hand washing. Evidence would
suggest that hand bacterial load is greater when rings are worn.
Although there is limited information available in relation to wrist
jewellery and its effect on hand hygiene, there is some evidence
to indicate that watches and other jewellery harbour germs and
interfere with effective hand washing. The Department of Health
(2010) recommends that all staff involved in clinical activity
should wear short-sleeved tops as cuffs at the wrist can become
Heavily contaminated and are likely to come into contact with
patients.
6. Who should challenge infection control
non-compliance in a healthcare setting?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Area managers
Registered Nurses
Patients
Visitors
Everyone
75%
25%
0%
1
2
0%
0%
3
4
5
Correct answer 5 - Everyone
Infection Prevention & Control is everybody’s
business. The Health and Social Care Act 2008; Code
of Practice on the prevention and control of
infections and related guidance states that
organisations must ensure that all staff and those
employed to provide care in all settings are fully
involved in the process of preventing and controlling
infection.
7. If you’ve been off work and unwell with
diarrhoea and vomiting, you should not return
to work until you are symptom free for:
50%
1.
2.
3.
4.
24 hours
48 hours
72 hours
1 week
25%
25%
0%
1
2
3
4
Correct answer 3 - 72 hours
You should stay off work, University, etc, until at least 72 hours
after the last episode of diarrhoea or vomiting to prevent the risk
of cross infection (Health Protection Agency 2011).
8. Where can micro-organisms (germs) reside
and multiply?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
25%
25%
25%
25%
People
Equipment
Animals
Water
Food
Soil
All of the above
1
0%
0%
0%
2
3
4
5
6
7
Correct answer 7 - All of the above
Micro-organisms or bacteria are present in almost every
environment, e.g. in the soil, in the air, in humans, animals
and plants. They are found all over our bodies e.g. on our
skin, in our mouth and in our gut. Most are harmless and
are even beneficial. Microorganisms have been found that
can live at temperatures above the boiling point and in
those that would freeze your blood. They feed on
everything from sugar and starch to sunlight, sulphur and
iron. There is even a species of bacteria that can withstand
blasts of radiation 1,000 times greater than those that
would kill a human being.
9. How does the organisation know that staff
are compliant with good hand decontamination
technique?
1. Through infection control
audit
2. Routine observation of
practice
3. Monitoring concerns and
complaints by patients and
visitors
4. All of the above
100%
0%
1
0%
0%
2
3
4
Correct answer 4 - All of the above
Organisations can monitor compliance with Hand Hygiene Policy
through a number of methods. The most common is by infection
control audit and routine observation of practice.
10. How do micro-organisms (germs) enter
the body?
100%
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Through unbroken skin
Inhalation (breathing in)
Ingested (eaten)
Sexually transmitted
All of the above
0%
1
0%
2
0%
0%
3
4
5
Correct answer 5 - All of the above
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To cause disease, microorganisms must gain access into the body. The range of
access routes for germs includes:
Cuts make it easier to enter
Eating contaminated food or water
Close contact with an infected person (skin to skin, sexual contact)
Contact with the faeces of an infected person
Breathing in the exhaled droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes
Indirectly, by touching contaminated surfaces – such as taps, toilet handles, toys and
nappies.
Micro-organisms are spread from one person to another by:
Hands
Coughs (droplets)
Sneezes (droplets)
Vomits
Bites from infected animals or insects
Exposure to infected bodily fluids through activities such as sexual intercourse or
sharing hypodermic needles.
THANK YOU
End of the assessment