Transcript Gonorrhea - People Server at UNCW

Gonorrhea
SARAH LANGE
NICK LETT
ANDREA LEWIS
WILLIAM LEWIS
MELISSA LIVERMORE
Definition
• A Sexually Transmitted Disease that infects
the mucous membranes of the genital tract
and urethra
• Named by the Greek physician Galen and is
thought to have also been known by the
ancient Chinese and Egyptians
• In Men, begins as infection within the
urethra
• In women, most often infects the cervix
• Can also infect the eyes
– In adults, indirect contact of genitals and eyes
during sex can cause infection
– Newborns can become infected during vaginal
birth with an infected mother
• Caused by the Bacteria known as
Gonococcus (Neisseris gonorrhoeae)
– Only able to survive and multiply apart from a
host in laboratory conditions
Symptoms in Women
• Symptoms are often mild, and many have
none at all
• Sometimes mistaken for a bladder or
vaginal infection
• Even if there are no symptoms, there is still
a risk of developing Pelvic Inflammatory
Disease (PID) if untreated
Symptoms include:
• Painful urination
– Burning sensation
• Increased vaginal
discharge
– Vaginal bleeding between
periods
– Yellowish discharge
• Cramps
• Vomiting
• Fever
Symptoms in Men
• Men have symptoms more often than
women
• Usually symptoms appear two to five days
after infection
– Can take as long as 30 days for symptoms to
appear
Symptoms include:
• Burning sensation
when urinating
• White, yellow, or
green discharge from
urethra
• Painful and swollen
testicles
Rectal infections
• Symptoms in both men and women include:
–
–
–
–
Discharge
Itching
Bleeding
soreness
• There may also be no symptoms
• Can be infected for several months without
showing symptoms
Diagnosing
• One or more of three tests are commonly
used to diagnose:
– Gram Staining Test
– Culture Test
– Nucleic Acid Amplification Test
Gram Staining Test
• Discharge from the penis or cervix is
smeared onto a slide that contains dye
• Microscope is used to identify the
gonococcus bacteria
• Results are usually available within
minuets
• Accurate for men but only 50% accurate in
women
Culture Test
• Sample of discharge is taken by swabbing site of
infection
• Sample placed on a culture plate and incubated for
24-72 hours
• More accurate for women than gram staining test
– 90% detection rate
• Can be used to detect gonorrhea in the throat and
drug-resistant strains
Nucleic Acid Amplification Test
• New test that detects bacteria by identifying
the bacterial DNA
• Uses a urine sample or a sample of
discharge
• Can also detect Chlamydia
• Most accurate for both men and women, but
has a limited availability
Treatment
• Recommended for those who have had sex with an
infected partner in the last 60 days and for
newborns of infected mothers
• Often treated with the antibiotics:
–
–
–
–
–
Cefixime
Ceftnaxone
Ciprofloxacin
Ofloxacin
Tetiacycline
• Gonorrhea and Chlamydia often infect
people simultaneously, in which case
doctors prescribe these antibiotics which are
effective cures of both:
– Atithromycin
– Ceftnaxone
– Doxycycline
If Untreated in Females
• Develops into Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
– Symptoms include:
• Abscesses
• Scar tissue formation in fallopian tubes
• Embryo can implant in tubes, causing miscarriage or
death of mother
If Untreated in Males
• Can develop into
– Arthritis
– Inflammation of
testicles
– Skin problems
– Swelling of genitals
• Can spread into
bloodstream
Swollen Testicles
Prevention
• Abstinence
• Monogamous relationship with a tested
partner
• Condoms only reduce risk with an infected
partner
• Those who are diagnosed should contact all
partners within past 6 months to prevent
further spreading
Bibliography
Disease. Encyclopaedia Britannica.
http://0-search.eb.com.uncclc.coast.uncwil.edu:80/eb/article?eu=119796
Information to Live by: Gonorrhea. Copyright 2001,American Social Health Association
http://www.ashatsd.org/stdfaqa/gonorrhea.html
Gonorrhea. Encyclopaedia Britannica.
http://0-search.eb.com.uncclc.coast.uncwil.edu/eb/article?eu=38105
Gonorrhea. Copyright 2004, eMedicine.com, Inc.
http://www.emedicine.com/emerg/topic220.htm
Gonorrhea. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. National Institutes of Health. U.S. Department of Health
and Human Resources
http://www.niaid.nih.gov/factsheets/stdgon.htm
Gonorrhea. Copyright © 1999-2004 Medical Network Inc.
http://www.healthatoz.com/healthatoz/AtoZ/ency/gonorrhea/html
Gonorrhea. Center for Disease Control
http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dastlr/gcdir/gono.html
Norris, Teresa. AHealthyMe.com. copyright 1999 - 2004 Blue Cross and Blue Shield of Massachusetts, Inc.
Sexually Transmitted Disease. Encyclopædia Britannica.
http://0-search.eb.com.uncclc.coast.uncwil.edu:80/eb/article?eu=68733
http://www.herpes-coldsores.com/std/gonorrhea.html
http://my.webmd.com/hw/sexual_conditions/2233334.asp
http://cpmcnet.columbia.edu/tests/gcps/gcps0037.html
http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761551891/Gonorrhea.html