Communicable Disease
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Transcript Communicable Disease
Communicable Disease
Temple College
EMS Professions
Infectious Disease
Produced
by invasion of body by
Bacteria
Viruses
Fungi
Other
organisms
Communicable Disease
Infectious
disease
Transmissible from one infected
organism to another
Transmitted by:
Direct
contact
Indirect contact
Airborne transmission
Vehicle transmission (food,
water, needles)
Vector transmission (organisms)
Prevention
Maintain
good personal health
status
Regular physical exams
Prevention
Immunizations
for:
Tetanus/diphtheria
Hepatitis
B
Measles, mumps, rubella
TB
skin test at least annually
Prevention
Consider
immunizations for:
Influenza
Hepatitis A
Chicken pox
Prevention
Wash
hands following patient
contacts
Wear gloves when contact with
human body fluids is anticipated
Wear face mask if patient has
productive cough (or put mask on
patient)
Prevention
Avoid
needle stick (Do NOT
recap needles)
Clean up blood spills quickly
using bleach solution
Use disposable equipment
Tuberculosis
Tuberculosis
Bacterial
infection
(Mycobacterium tuberculosis)
Transmitted by droplets
Pulmonary TB - cough, infected
sputum, hemoptysis, pleuritic
pain)
Tuberculosis
Pulmonary
TB Signs/Symptoms
Cough
Infected
sputum
Hemoptysis
Pleuritic pain
Tuberculosis
Very
low communicability,
requires repeated exposure
Mask patients with active TB
Routine skin tests; follow-up on
positive reactors
Viral Hepatitis
Hepatitis A
Fecal-oral
contact
Children, young adults
Most infections subclinical or
very mild
Does not cause chronic liver
disease or carrier state
Hepatitis B
Parenteral
transmission (blood,
dirty needles)
Sexual transmission
Can cause liver failure, necrotic
cirrhosis
Can cause carrier state
Viral Hepatitis
Signs/Symptoms
Anorexia
Malaise
Nausea, vomiting
Fever
Joint pain
Dark urine, jaundice
Viral Hepatitis
Vaccine,
immune serum globulin
available for both A and B
Meningitis
Meningitis
Inflammation
of membranes
covering brain, spinal cord
Bacteria, viruses, fungi
Bacterial forms most serious
Bacterial Meningitis
Signs/Symptoms
Headache
Nausea
Fever
Stiff neck
Rapid
progression to delirium,
coma, seizures
Bacterial Meningitis
Neissera
meningitidis
Petechiae
Ecchymosis
Septic shock
Bacterial Meningitis
Avoid
contact with oral secretions
Not transmissible by breathing same
air as patient
If close contact occurs, Rifampin
600mg bid 2d
HIV/AIDS
Acquired Immunodeficiency
Syndrome (AIDS)
infection Human
immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
Damage to helper T cells suppresses
immune system
Viral
AIDS
Recurring
opportunistic infections
Pneumocystis carini pneumonia
Kaposi’s sarcoma
Candida albicans
HIV/AIDS
Transmitted
by blood, semen, vaginal
secretions
Contact with tears, saliva, sweat will not
cause infection
Cannot be transmitted by casual contact
Wash hands, wear gloves, needle
precautions