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Chapter 6
Communicable and Acute Illness:
Identification and Management
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Early Signs of Illness
• Teachers should be
familiar with the
characteristic signs of
common childhood
communicable illnesses.
• Recognizing the early
signs of communicable
illnesses provides an
effective method for
limiting their spread to
other children and
adults.
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Airborne-Transmitted Illnesses
• What signs do each of these illnesses present
and how can the illness be controlled?
• Common illnesses include (see Table 6-1):
–
–
–
–
–
–
Chicken pox
Colds
Fifth disease
Haemophilus influenza (Hib)
Measles
Meningitis
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Chicken Pox
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Fifth Disease
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Airborne-Transmitted Illnesses
(continued)
– Mononucleosis
– Mumps
– Roseola (Sixth disease)
– Strep throat
– Tuberculosis
– Whooping cough
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Roseola
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Blood Borne-Transmitted Illnesses
• What signs do each of these illnesses present
and how can the illness be controlled?
• Common illnesses include (see Table 6-1):
– Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV); acquired
immunodeficiency disorder syndrome (AIDS)
– Hepatitis B
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Contact (Direct, Indirect)-Transmitted
Illnesses
• What signs do each of these illnesses present
and how can the illness be controlled?
• Common illnesses include (see Table 6-1):
–
–
–
–
–
–
Pinkeye (conjunctivitis)
Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
Hand-foot-mouth disease
Herpes simplex (cold sores)
Impetigo
Head lice
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Pinkeye
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Hand Foot & Moth Disease
Impetigo
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Head Lice
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Contact (Direct, Indirect)-Transmitted
Illnesses (continued)
• What signs do each of these illnesses present
and how can the illness be controlled?
• Common illnesses include (see Table 6-1):
–
–
–
–
Ringworm
Rocky Mountain spotted fever
Scabies
Tetanus
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Ringworm
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Scabies
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Fecal-Oral-Transmitted Illnesses
• What signs do each of these illnesses present
and how can the illness be controlled?
• Common illnesses include (see Table 6-1):
–
–
–
–
Shigellosis
E. coli
Encephalitis
Giardiasis
− Hepatitis A
− Pinworms
− Salmonella
− Campylobacter
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Diarrhea
• It is important to distinguish between noninfectious and
infectious causes of diarrhea.
• Diarrhea can be serious condition in infants and toddlers,
especially if it is excessive or prolonged.
• Young children must be observed carefully for signs of
dehydration.
• Medical attention must be sought if diarrhea lasts more
than several days.
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Earaches
• Earaches are common, especially in boys
younger than three or four
– The incidence gradually decreases with age
• They are often associated with allergies, colds,
feeding position (infants), and/or foreign objects
in the ear.
• Otitis media can develop and may interfere with
hearing ability.
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Lyme Disease
• A tick-borne infection that is becoming more
common in the United States and Canada.
• Prevention is the best method of defense:
– Wearing protective clothing
– Using DEET insecticide repellants
– Bathing, and inspecting the skin after playing
outdoors
– Removing any ticks
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Consider this….
• Why might some families knowingly bring
an ill child to school?
• How would you handle this situation as a
teacher, especially if it is a recurring
problem?
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Sudden Infant Death Syndrome
(SIDS)
• Approximately 2,500 infants die each year.
• SIDS is the leading cause of death among
infants between 1 and 12 months of age.
• Male babies are at higher risk (61 percent)
for developing SIDS.
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SIDS (continued)
• A specific cause has not been identified, but
certain factors are known to increase the risk,
including:
– Babies’ sleep position (should sleep on their back)
– Lack of maternal prenatal care
– Mothers who smoke, drink alcohol, or use drugs
during pregnancy
– Exposure to secondhand smoke
– Respiratory infections
– Premature birth (before 37 weeks)
– Being born to a teenage mother
– Soft bedding (e.g., blankets, bumper pads, mattress)
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Measures to Prevent SIDS
• The CDC’s Back-toSleep campaign
teaches families and
care providers to
always put infants to
sleep on their back
and in their own bed.
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Additional Measures to Prevent
SIDS
• Mothers are urged to get prenatal care and
avoid substances during pregnancy.
• Breast-feeding offers infants some protection.
• Soft bedding (e.g., pillows, blankets, toys) must
be removed from baby’s bed.
• Dressing babies too warmly should be avoided.
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North Carolina Law
• On August 13, 2003, North Carolina
Governor Michael Easley signed into law a
bill requiring childcare providers to put
babies on their back when placing them to
sleep in childcare settings.
• The N.C. Prevent SIDS law (GS 110-9115) went into effect December 1, 2003. It
is intended to reduce the risk of SIDS in
child care.
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NC Law
In addition to specifying infant sleep position, the law
stipulates that childcare providers:
• Monitor sleeping babies
• Adopt a written safe sleep policy
• Inform parents/guardians about the safe sleep policy
• Receive SIDS-related training
• The N.C. SIDS law allows for a medical or parent
waiver under certain conditions. It also requires
agencies involved in investigating reports of child
abuse or neglect in childcare facilities to coordinate
their efforts.
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NC Childcare Licensing Rules
• Childcare licensing rules designed to
support the N.C. SIDS law went into effect
May 1, 2004 and apply to all facilities
licensed to care for infants 12 months of
age or younger.
• 10A NCAC 09 .0705 SPECIAL TRAINING
REQUIREMENTS
• 10A NCAC 09 .0606 SAFE SLEEP
POLICY
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