Transcript BloodBorne Pathogens

Bloodborne Pathogens
PRESENTED AND DESIGNED BY:
KATHERINE LYNN, RN, BSN
WRITTEN BY:
JASON SPRIGGS, UNIVERSITY OF VERMONT
AND THE OFFICE OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY
AND HEALTH
Why are we here?
OSHA’s Bloodborne Pathogen Standard 29 CFR
1910.1030 took effect in March 1992. Its purpose is
to limit occupational exposure to blood and other
potentially infectious materials and covers all
employees who can “reasonably expect” to come into
contact with these materials as part of their job.
What is a Bloodborne Pathogen?
Bloodborne pathogens are
microorganisms that are carried in
blood and can cause disease in humans.
Common Bloodborne Pathogen Diseases
 Malaria
 Syphilis
 Brucellosis
 Hepatitis B (HBV)
 Hepatitis C (HCV)
 Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
HIV attacks the body’s immune system and weakens
the body’s ability to fight infection. Acquired
Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is caused by
HIV but may not develop until years after initial
infection with HIV. There is no cure but treatment
options are improving.
HIV Transmission
 HIV is spread when infected blood, semen, vaginal
fluids, or breast milk gets into the bloodstream of
another person
 This can happen through:





Sexual contact
Sharing needles
Pregnancy, childbirth and breastfeeding
Workplace exposure to blood and/or body fluid
Blood transfusions
Symptoms of HIV
Symptoms:
Symptoms of HIV infections vary; there may be no
signs of illness until the immune system weakens.
As the body’s defenses weaken:







swollen lymph glands
susceptibility to other infections
weakness
fever
sore throat
white coating on the tongue
weight loss
HIV in the United States
 CDC has estimated that more than 1 million (1,106,400) adults




and adolescents were living with HIV infection in the United
States at the end of 2006.
According to the most recent incidence estimates,
approximately 56,000 persons have been infected with HIV
annually during the past decade .
The rate of new HIV infection for black/African American
women is nearly 15 times as high as that of white women, and
nearly four times that of Hispanic women.
At some point in their life, 1 in 16 black/African American men
will receive a diagnosis of HIV, as will one in 30 black women.
24-27% of people with HIV do not know their status.
Source: CDC
Hepatitis B (HBV)
 HBV is a virus that infects the liver.
 The Hep B virus can remain infectious in dried blood
for up to seven days.
 There is no specific treatment or cure for HBV and it
can lead to cirrhosis and liver cancer, but some
people develop antibodies and recover quite well.
Hepatitis B Transmission
In infected persons, HBV
can be found in:







Blood
Body tissue
Saliva
Semen
Vaginal secretions
Urine
Breast milk
It can enter the body
through:







Puncture wounds from
sharps
Contaminated body fluids
An opening or break in the
skin
Splashing into mucous
membranes –eyes, nose,
mouth
Unprotected sex
Intravenous drug use
Blood transfusions
Hepatitis B
 Symptoms:
 Fatigue, stomach pain, loss of appetite, nausea….similar to the
“flu”.
 Jaundice, darkening of the urine.
 Exposure to onset of symptoms: 1-9 months.
Hepatitis C (HCV)
 Hepatitis C starts as a mild or asymptomatic
infection, it can go undetected for years before the
onset of jaundice and malaise.
 Over 50% of patients with hepatitis C develop
chronic liver disease, including cirrhosis, liver,
chronic hepatitis infections.
 The virus was identified in 1989.
Hepatitis C Transmission
 Most commonly occurs in people who have:
 received blood transfusions before 1992
 shared needles
 had tattoos
 had body piercing
 Risk of sexual transmission appears to be small
 No evidence that it can be transmitted by casual
contact, through foods, or by coughing or sneezing
 Transmission from mother to child appears to be
uncommon
HCV in the United States
 One of the most common causes of chronic liver
disease, cirrhosis and cancer
 Over four million people have hepatitis C in the USA
with 180,000 new infections annually
 8,000-10,000 deaths annually from HCV
 Globally ~ 170 million chronic infections
Your Potential Exposure
Here at school the most common exposure hazards are
involved with administering first aid, accident
cleanup and janitorial/maintenance work.
Universal Precautions
Universal Precautions is a prevention strategy in
which all blood and other body substances are
treated as if they are, in fact, infectious, regardless of
the perceived status of the source individual. This
approach is used in all situations where exposure to
blood or other body substances is possible.
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
To protect yourself, you must have a barrier between
yourself and any potentially infectious material.
Gloves, masks, and gowns are examples of PPE.
PPE Rules to Remember
 If you have cuts or sores on your hands, cover them
with a bandage before putting on your gloves.
 When taking contaminated gloves off, make sure you
don't touch the outside of the gloves with any bare
skin.
 Dispose of soiled gloves properly so that somebody
else won't come in contact with them.
 If a glove is damaged, don't use it!
Decontamination
 When cleaning up surfaces use a disinfecting spray




or 10% bleach solution
Do an initial wipe up
Spray and allow it to stand for ten minutes then wipe
up
Properly dispose of all wipes
PPE should be removed properly disposed
Hand washing
Wash your hands as soon as possible following an
exposure to bodily fluids – even if you used gloves!!
Use soft antibacterial soap if possible – no harsh,
abrasive soaps because they may open fragile sores
on the skin.
Regulated Medical Waste
Regulated medical waste includes blood, other
potentially infectious materials, items that would
release either of these when compressed,
contaminated sharps, and pathological and
microbiological waste containing blood or other
potentially infectious material.
Sharps
Sharps include needles and broken glass which must
be disposed of properly in a sharps container which
in under the sink in my office. Broken glass should
be swept into a dustpan, not picked up by hand.
Signs and Labels
All containers of regulated waste must be labeled with
the biohazard symbol and the term “biohazard”. You
may get a red biohazard bag from in the health room
or from maintenance.
Exposure Incident
A specific incident of contact with potentially
infectious bodily fluid.
 If you are exposed to blood or other bodily fluids
wash the exposed area thoroughly with soap and
water.
 If blood is splashed in the eye or mucous membrane,
flush the affected area with running water for at least
15 minutes.
 Report the exposure to the nurse and administration
as soon as possible.
 Stay calm!!
Post-Exposure Evaluation
 A post-exposure evaluation is a confidential medical
evaluation which includes:




Documentation of the route of exposure.
Identification of the source individual.
Testing of the source individual’s blood if consent is given, and
providing the results to the exposed employee.
Testing of the employee if necessary.
Hepatitis B Vaccine
 All employees can receive the vaccine from their
physicians and receive reimbursement from the
school.
 The Hepatitis B vaccination is given in a series of three
shots. The second shot is given one month after the first,
and the third shot follows five months after the second.
This series gradually builds up the body's immunity to
the Hepatitis B virus.
The vaccine itself is made from yeast cultures; there is no
danger of contracting the disease from getting the shots,
and, once vaccinated, a person does not need to receive
the series again.
In Conclusion
Bloodborne pathogen rules are in place
for your health and safety, as is the
requirement for annual training.
Questions?