Transcript 1. The nasal valve region is bounded by:

1. The nasal valve region is bounded
by all of the following EXCEPT:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
The frontal process of the maxilla
The anterior inferior turbinate
Nasal septum
Lower lateral cartilage
Pyriform aperture
2. Sensation of nasal obstruction in the
absence of anatomic obstruction is
primarily due to
a. Cold receptors
b. Receptors in vestibular skin
c. Receptors in caval mucosa
d. A and b
e. a, b, and c
3. Tests to assess nasal airway
cross-sectional area include:
a. CT
b. Rhinomanometry
c. Acoustic rhinometry
d. A and c
e. All of the above
4 .Tests to assess airstream through
nose include:
a. Rhinomanometry
b. Nasal peak flowmeter
c. Acoustic rhinometry
d. A and c
e. A and b
5. Minimal cross sectional area as
measured by acoustic rhinometry:
a. The first constriction occurs at the entrance
of the bony nasal cavity
b. The second constriction occurs at the
entrance to valve region
c. May change with decongestion
d. Decongestion affects the first constriction
more than the second
e. All of the above statements are incorrect
6. What is the difference between
the physiologic MCA and the
anatomic MCA?
a. The smallest dimension found by
rhinomanometry is the anatomic MCA
b. The smallest dimension determined by
acoustic rhinometry is the physiologic MCA
c. A and b
d. None of the above
7. Acoustic rhinometry
a. Utilizes a sound pulse into the nasal cavity
b. Is done after decongestant is applied to the
nose
c. Curve generated from the sound waves
shows estimated distance on the y axis
d. Distance is measured at 3 and 6 cm
e. There are 2 minimal cross-sectional areas
observed.
8. Congestion factor
a. Is calculated by comparing CSA before and
after decongestion
b. May be designated as normal, mild,
moderate, severe, or markedly severe
c. More than 2 standard deviations from
normative values at CSA2 is considered
abnormal
d. A and b
e. All of the above
9. Where are the 3 minimal CSAs in
the nose and which changes the
most with decongestion?
10. Rhinomanometry
a. Measures airflow and transnasal pressure
b. Can be used to determine resistance in
airflow
c. Posterior rhinometry involves measurement
of pressure in the oropharynx
d. A and b
e. A, b, and c
11. What is the difference
between active and passive
rhinomanometry?
12. Acoustic Rhinometry
a. Anterior rhinometry allows direct
measurement of total nasal airflow
b. Total nasal airflow can be calculated from
each side’s measurement
c. Posterior rhinometry allows simultaneous
measurement of total nasal airflow
d. A and b
e. B and c
13. Rhinomanometry
a. Results are shown on a pressure-flow plot
b. More nasal obstruction yields a steeper
sigmoid curve
c. Nasal resistance is reported as flow per
pressure per second
d. A and b
e. All of the above
15. Nasal resistance
a. Is higher during expiration
b. Is lower at more distant points along the
nasal pressure-flow curve
c. Is best correlated with symptoms of
obstruction at maximum pressure and flow
d. All of the above
e. None of the above
Uses for objective testing of nasal
airway include:
a. Challenge testing in allergic rhinitis
b. Selection of patients for surgery
c. Documentation of change in airway
dimension after surgery
d. Assessing effect of intranasal medications
e. All of the above
Normal nasal resistance values
• Unilateral
– Non-decongested 0.33—0.54
– Decongested 0.15—0.36
• Total
– Non-decongested 0.14-0.38
– Decongested 0.08—0.16
Wegener’s granulomatosis
a. Has 4 types
b. Type 2 disease often has pulmonary and
renal involvement
c. C-ANCA titers can be used to monitor disease
d. Histopathological features include large
vessel vasculitis with non-necrotizing
granulomas
e. Sinonasal Wegener’s is effectively treated
with sinus surgery
Treatment for Wegener’s include
all of the following except:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Methotrexate
Cetuximab
Bactrim
Cyclophosphamide
Glucocorticoids
Etiology of sarcoidosis may be:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Immune-related
Infectious
Chemical exposure
Allergy-related
All of the above
Incidence of sarcoidosis is highest
in:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Men
Blacks
Southern Europe
A and c
All of the above
The most common site affected by
sarcoid is:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Paranasal sinuses
Kidney
Liver
Bone marrow
Lung
Pathologic features of sarcoid
include:
a.
b.
c.
d.
Multinucleated giant cells
Caseating granulomas
Similar features to tuberculous granulomas
Central epithelioid cells surrounded by
eosinophils
e. Fungal hyphae
Treatment of sarcoidosis may
include:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Corticosteroids
Methotrexate
No treatment
A and b
All of the above
Churg-Strauss syndrome may
include all of the following EXCEPT:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Vasculitis of small and medium vessels
Positive c-ANCA
Allergic rhinitis and asthma
Gastroenteritis
Nasal polyposis
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
The most common neoplastic
systemic disease with nasal
manifestations is:
T-cell lymphoma
B-cell lymphoma
Hodgkin’s lymphoma
Leukemia
Multiple myeloma
Behcet’s disease includes:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Nasal ulcers
Rhinorrhea
Oral ulcers
A and b
All of the above
The most commonly involved site
in the head and neck by
pemphigus vulgaris is:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Nasal septum
Nasal dorsum
Oropharynx
Oral cavity
Cervical skin
Pemphigoid
a. Affects the nose in 80%
b. Bullous pemphigoid is most likely to affect
the mucosa
c. The most common nasal site of involvement
is in the nasal valve region
d. Cicatricial pemphigoid affects the skin
e. Septal perforation is common
Primary ciliary dyskinesis
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Is associated with Samter’s triad
Is associated with infertility
Inheritance is autosomal dominant
Affects the GI tract
Is diagnosed with a saccharin test of greater
than 20 minutes
Cystic fibrosis
a. Affects the lungs, sinuses, and pancreas
b. Is inherited as autosomal recessive
c. Associated with a mutation on chromosome
7
d. A and b
e. All of the above