Lymes Disease Vavine - University of Wisconsin–Eau Claire
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Transcript Lymes Disease Vavine - University of Wisconsin–Eau Claire
Lyme Disease
and
The Lyme Disease Vaccine
Presentation By
Jason Hadrath
What is Lyme Disease?
A multisystem inflammatory disease.
Resulting
from an infection of Borrelia burgdorferi
Characterized by inflammation of:
1. connective
tissueticks
(skin and joints)
Transmitted
by Ixodes
2. nervous tissue
3. cardiac tissue
Symptoms and Stages
Early
Erythema migrans and flu-like
symptoms.
BEST POINT FOR TREATMENT !!
Arthritis-like joint pain, heart
Middle
arrhythmia,
andasymptomatic
fatigue.
40 % of lyme
cases are
in
the early stages.
Chronic arthritis, memory loss,
Late
and dementia.
History
You are here.
100 years of lyme
disease.
New
Britain
Connecticut
First classified in 1975 by Dr. Allen Steere.
Named after Old Lyme Connecticut.
Old Lyme
Statistics
Lyme disease is the most common tick-transmitted
in number
North America.
illness
The true
of cases may be significantly higher.
From 1980 to 1998 112,000 cases have
Lyme disease costs about $1 billion per
been reported.
year.
The Tick
Ixodes scapularus (dammini )
Ixodes americanum
Ixodes pacificus
Ixodes riciaus
Ixodes persulcatus
More Ticks
Ixodes americanum
Larvae
Ixodes scapularus
Ixodes pacificus
Life Cycle Year 1
Early Spring
Spring / Summer
Late Summer /
Fall / Winter
Female drops off
deer and lays eggs
Larvae
hatch and
on
the ground.
attach to white
Larvae
molt to
footed
mice.
nymphs which over
winter in the soil
without feeding.
Life Cycle Year 2
Spring / Summer
Fall
Late Fall / Winter
Nymphs emerge
and attach to mice,
deer,
and people.
Nymphs
molt to
adults and attach to
Adult
ticksand
on
mice,
deer,
deer
making and
people.
carrying eggs.
Borrelia burgdorferi
Discovered
by Entire genome is
Willy Burgdorfer1 MB. Consisting
in 1984.
of 1 linear
Gram negative chromosome and
19 circular
spirochete
plasmids
bacteria.
Borrelia burgdorferi cont..
One
of the Has an unusually
plasmids is most
large variety of
likely to code for
surface proteins,
virulence.
which are both
Is found in theitís strengths and
mid gut of the weaknesses.
tick.
Outer Surface Protein A
Lipoprotein.
Single
polypeptide chain of 257
amino acids.
Lipid
is covalently bonded to
the N terminus.
Interactive
Chain L
Chain H
The Vaccine
Given
in three doses.
LYMErix.
Two doses, one month
apart and
Developed
byagain in 12
months.Beecham
SmithKline
Biologicals.
Consisting of the
complete lipoprotein
Noninfectious
Cost $ 8500 per shot.
OspA and aluminum
vaccine.
hydroxide (adjuvant).
The Vaccine cont...
Expressed in
E.
With
OspA
coli strain AR58.
(a plasmid gene)
as its insert.
Transformed with
plasmid pOA15.
The lipid moiety
was added posttranslationaly
Mechanism of Action
An
injection
of OspA taken
Antibodies
results in theinformation
of
along
with
Here is anti-OspA
the key ! antibodies.
tickís bloodmeal.
These antibodies
possess
B. burgdorferi
bactericidal destruction
activity.
ensues.
Vaccine Efficacy
76%
effective after all
10,000 person
three doses.
study.
After three doses 100%
effective in preventing
49% effective
asymptomatic
infection.
after two
doses.
Reservations
OspA contains
a sequence
that
is similar
Lack of long
term
testing.to the human
protein
LFA-1.
Is a booster
dose needed?
This could lead to an
autoimmune disease.
Books
References
Biddle, W. Afield Guide to Germs. New Jeresy: Doubleday Publishing
Groupe,1995.
Ginsberg, H.S. Ecology and Environmental Management of Lyme Disease. New
Jersey: Rutgers University Press, 1993.
Lang, D. Coping with Lyme Disease. New York: Henery Holt and Company, 1993.
Silverstein, A. Lyme Disease the Great Imitator. New Jersey: Avstar Publishing
Corp., 1990.
Journals
ìImmunization Against Lyme Disease - An Important First Step.î The New England
Journal of Medicine July 23,1998: 263-264.
Marwick, C. ìGuarded Endorsement for Lyme Disease Vaccine.î JAMA June 24,
1998: 1937-1938.
Sigal, L.H. ìA vaccine consisting of Recombinant Bb OspA to Prevent Lyme
disease.î The New England Journal of Medicine July 23,1998: 216-221.
References
Journals
Steere, A.C. ìVaccination Against LD with Recombinant Bb OspA
with Adjuvant.î The New England Journal of Medicine July 23,
1998: 209-214.
Telford S.R. ìEfficancy of LD Vaccine Formulations in a Mouse
Model.î The Journal of Infectious Diseases May, 1995: 13681370.
Sanz C. ìSummer of Danger.î Discover May, 1999: 64-71.
Web sites
http://www.lymerix.com SmithKline Beecham Bio.
http://www.aldf.com American Lyme Disease Foundation, Inc.
http://www.uri.edu/ticklab The Tick Research Lab.
hppt://www.ent.iastate.edu/imagega Iowa State Entomolgy Image
Gallery.
References
Web sites
http:www.acponline.org/lyme American Academy of Physicians
http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvbid/lymeinfo.htm Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention.
http://thetick.powertie.org Brandons Tribute to the Tick.
If you think education is expensive ...
Try Ignorance.
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