Transcript ZIMBABWE - Department of Agriculture, Forestry and

AVIAN INFLUENZA
ZIMBABWE
COUNTRY STATUS REPORT
Dr J Nyika, Dr SM Midzi, Dr O Kakono
Roode Vallei Country Lodge
Pretoria
7-9 March 2006
Presentation Outline
• Background
– Migratory birds
– Livestock farming systems
– Trade issues
• Country capacities
– Human Resources
– Diagnostics
– Infrastructure
• Preparedness
• Suspect & Outbreak situations
• Challenges
Migratory birds
• Transcontinental migratory birds are said
to be of very minor threat
– They maybe problems with regional migrators
coming out of the Great Rift Valley
• We have few, if any, ducks and geese
which are likely to be the major carriers of
the disease
Livestock Farming Systems
• Vibrant well regulated industry
– Commercial and communal
• Beef, dairy, poultry, pigs
• Export of livestock and livestock products
to the region and beyond
Trade
International trade (Formal)
• The country exports:
– Day old chicks
– Hatching (embryonated) eggs
– Table eggs
• And until recently poultry and ostrich meat.
– Beef
Local Trade
• Animals and birds slaughtered at registered abattoirs are
sold through the formal market.
– However there is informal trading at local level.
Capacity: Human resources-Animal Health
Indicator
Number
Veterinarians
75
Lab Technologists
33
Para-Vets
1 265
Research Scientists
8
Capacity-Human Resources-Human Health
Indicator
Establishment
Filled
Vacant
Ratio of filled posts
Doctors
1 557
770
787
49.5%
Pharmacists
132
20
112
15.2%
Pharmacy
Technicians
185
72
113
38.9%
Nurses
14 239
9 680
4 559
68.0%
Radiographers
159
29
130
18.2%
Hospital Equipment
Technicians
95
40
55
42.1%
Lab Scientists
385
263
122
68.0%
Environmental
Health Officers
1 599
753
846
47.1%
Diagnostics-Animal Health
• The Central Veterinary Laboratory (CVL) that is
ISO 17025 Accredited, employs an HAI test
• Determines the H and not N of the virus.
• Capacity to test at least 2 000 samples per day.
• Has validated and are using the AI ELISA.
• The lab is making efforts to develop molecular
based techniques for the typing of the AI virus.
• CVL has put up a High Security Lab for dangerous
pathogens but it needs EQUIPPING.
• They have received assistance from regional FAO
AI TCP to acquire reagents and protective gear
– In addition to CVL a private laboratory,ZIMVET, has been
accredited by Government to screen samples on their behalf
using the HAI and ELISA.
Capacity-Diagnostics-Human Health
• Currently there is no capacity to test
human samples in the country
– Relying on sending samples to RSA
• However the country has WHO accredited
Virology lab for testing measles and polio
viruses
– There is potential to capacitate the existing
virology lab to test AI samples
• need to be pursued with assistance of WHO
Capacity-Infrastructure
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VETERINARY
8 Provincial Veterinary Offices
53 Field Veterinary Offices
308 Animal Health Centres
4 000 Dip tanks
1 Central Laboratory & 4
Provincial Diagnostic
Laboratories
– Virology and Bacteriology
section have ISO 17025
certification
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HUMAN HEALTH
6 Government Central Hospitals
(all with Labs but no capacity
for AI virus-testing)
University Teaching Hospital has
a WHO accredited regional
Virology Laboratory (Measles
and Polio) which can be
improved to do AI testing.
10 Private Tertiary Hospitals
7 Provincial Hospitals
60 District Hospitals
17 Mission Hospitals
1 316 Rural/Municipal Health
Facilities
At least 15 Private laboratories
Preparedness
 National
• A multi-stakeholder National Taskforce on HPAI has
been set up and is co-chaired by Veterinary Services
(Ministry of Agriculture) and the Department of Disease
Prevention and Control (Ministry of Health and Child
Welfare)(MOHCW)
• The Taskforce, which also includes Wildlife
Management & National Parks, Bird Groups, WHO, FAO,
Ostrich/Pig Producers, Transport and Communications,
Home Affairs and ZIMRA, meets once a month.
 Provincial and District Level
• Zoonotic subcommittees comprised of Veterinary
Services and MOHCW meet quarterly but meets more
frequently when necessary.
Suspect situations
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VETERINARY
Wild birds
Surveillance of wetlands
(identified and mapped) by
Wildlife Management and Parks
Ostriches and Poultry
Sero-surveillance
Enforcement of Bio-security
measures
Movement control
Establishment of disease free
compartments
Awareness programmes in the print
and electronic media, extension by
departmental staff and local
government structures.
HUMAN HEALTH
• Seasonal (May to
September)-Weekly
reporting of clinical
Human Influenza cases in
place from 750 health
institutions (representing
75% of all health
facilities).
Outbreaks situations-Veterinary
• As soon as an outbreak is confirmed:
– Properties are quarantined
• Screening and surveillance of birds in the whole country
to establish extend of infection
• Mapping of problem areas
• Establishment of disease free compartments
• Movement control
• Suspension of exports
• Policy on control (slaughter, vaccination etc.) still to be
developed
• Awareness programmes in the print and electronic
media, extension by departmental staff and local
government structures.
Outbreaks situations- Human Health
• A wide network of health facilities in place
which are within 8km of any individual however
there is a shortage of professional staff
particularly in outlying rural areas.
• Shortage of suitable equipment, reagents and
drugs will be a problem
• Guidelines will be needed from the WHO on the
management of HPAI in human beings
Challenges
• Demand for high insurance by health workers
working in infectious disease hospitals remains
unresolved
– outbreak experiences
• SARS
• VHF (Ebola,Marburg )
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Protective clothing
Compensation for farmers of culled poultry
Quarantine facilities are likely to be stretched
Capacity to import
– Vaccines ,Osteltamivir(Tamiflu),Lab reagents
• In light of FC constraints