Transcript Infection Control - CIP Consulting LLC

New Hire Orientation
Infection Prevention
It’s Everybody’s
Business
What Is An Infection?
• Condition: resulting from the presence and
invasion by microorganisms.
Chain of Infection
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Infectious agent
Reservoir
Portal of Exit
Means of Transmission
Portal of entry
Susceptible Host
HANDWASHING
• The most important measure
you can use to prevent the
spread the spread of
infection.
Hand Hygiene
• Alcohol hand antiseptics (waterless hand rub)
remove microbes from healthcare workers’
hands.
• If hands are visibly soiled, soap & water hand
washing is required.
– Efficacy alcohol-based products may be reduced in the
presence of substantial organic matter.
It’s All About Hands
• Skin around fingernails harbors high
concentration of bacteria
• Keep natural nails short
• Remove chipped nail polish
• No cosmetically enhanced nails
– More likely to harbor harmful microorganisms
Hand Washing
Wash hands to prevent
transfer of microorganisms :
– Before & after patient contact
– After gloves are removed
– Between task on the same patient to prevent
cross-contamination of different body sites
Protect Your Hands
• Hand washing = Dry skin
• Use alcohol hand rub when hands are
chapped
– Emollients will help dry skin
• Use lotion 4 times a day to restore &
maintain hands
BLOODBORNE PATHOGENS
• Microorganisms present in human blood that
can cause disease in humans
• Examples:
– Hepatitis B Virus (HBV)
– Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
– Hepatitis C Virus (HBC)
BLOODBORNE PATHOGENS
EXPOSURE CONTROL PLAN
• 1). Protects the employee, patient or agent
from bloodborne pathogens.
• 2). Personal Protective Equipment & Training
is available to all employees.
• BBP Plan is located _____________.
HEPATITIS B
• Virus that affects the liver.
• SYMPTOMS:
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Lack of appetite.
Dark urine.
Jaundice.
Nausea, vomiting.
Abdominal pain.
Diarrhea.
Long term infection can result in liver cancer.
TRANSMISSION OF HEPATITIS
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Spread through contaminated blood.
Sexual activity.
From mothers to babies at birth.
Spread for weeks before the carrier shows
symptoms.
• Carriers can spread virus for entire life.
HIV –HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY
VIRUS
• Invades, damages certain white blood cells.
• Immune system cannot respond to infection.
• HIV infected individuals can get unusual
infections or cancers that health persons do
not get.
• AIDS is a diagnosis based on symptoms &
illnesses resulting from infection by HIV.
TRANSMISISON OF HIV
• Direct contact with blood, semen or vaginal
secretions of an infected person
• Sexual intercourse
• Sharing of needles or other drug injection
equipment
• Occupation exposure: needle sticks or cuts
• Infected mother to baby
TUBERCULOSIS
• Infectious disease caused by bacteria.
• Usually affects lungs.
• Other body parts can be affected.
TRANSMISSION
• Spread through air (droplet nuclei).
• Sneezing, coughing, speaking, singing by
individual with TB disease.
• Sharing the same air space with persons with
infectious TB disease.
SYMPTOMS OF TB
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Weak
Weight loss
Fever
Night sweats
Cough
Chest pain
Coughing up blood
TB INFECTION VS. TB DISEASE
• Have the organism in
their body.
• Have symptoms.
• No symptom.
• Are sick.
• Bacteria is inactive.
• Bacteria is active and
multiplying.
MULTI DRUG RESISTANT TB (MDR TB)
• One or more drugs can no longer kill TB
bacteria.
• High risk persons for MDR TB:
– Persons who did not take their TB meds.
– Immunocompromised persons, i.e. cancer, HIV
infection.
– Persons previously treated for TB with an
ineffective regimen of drugs.
TREATMENT FOR TB
• TB drugs for TB disease.
• If infected may need to take TB drugs to
prevent TB disease.
• TB drugs are taken for 6-12 months.
Standard Precautions
• Apply standard precautions to all:
–Patients
–Contaminated equipment, surfaces &
materials
• Use judgement to determine when personal
protective equipment is necessary
Standard Precautions
Wear gloves if likely to contact:
– Blood
– Body fluids
– Secretions
– Excretions
– Mucous membranes
– Contaminated items or surfaces
Standard Precautions
Wear protective fluid resistant
gown or fluid proof apron
when likely to soil skin or
clothes with blood
or body fluids
Standard Precautions
Wear face mask with eye shield
or mask & eye protection during
patient care activities that may
generate splashes or sprays of
blood or body fluids
Standard Precautions
• Prevent injury when using & disposing of
needles or other contaminated sharp
instruments
• Immediately dispose of used sharps in
puncture-resistant container
• Do not recap using two-handed technique
Standard Precautions
• Keep work area clean
• Minimize the splashing or
spraying of blood or body fluids while
performing procedures
• Clean up spills of blood or body fluids
promptly using gloves & approved
disinfectant
Standard Precautions
Place used linen in a
impermeable plastic linen bag &
twist closed to prevent transfer of
microorganisms to other patients,
staff or the environment
Standard Precautions
• Remove gloves, gown, mask, eye
protection before leaving work area
• Gloves, gown, mask are not worn in halls,
elevators, cafeteria, or gift shop
Standard Precautions
• Report occupational exposures to blood or body
fluid
– Needle stick or sharps injury
– Splash to eyes, nose, mouth
– Cut, scratch or bite
Standard Precautions
Clean re-useable equipment
between patients to prevent
transfer of microorganisms to
other patients, staff
or environment
Standard Precautions
• Use:
–Mouthpieces
–Resuscitation bags
–Ventilatory device
• As an alternative to mouth-to-mouth
resuscitation methods
Transmission Based Isolation
• The spread of infection requires 3
elements:
–Source
–Susceptible host
–Transmission
Contact Isolation Standard Precautions
Patients infected or colonized with:
–Epidemiologically important microorganisms
–Transmitted by direct contact with the
patient
–Indirect contact with room surfaces or
patient care items
Contact Isolation
Standard Precautions
Wear
when entering room
• Change gloves after contact with infective
material
• Remove gloves before leaving room & wash
hands
• Avoid contact with contaminated surfaces
while leaving room
Contact Isolations Standard
Precautions
• Wear
when entering room if skin or
garments will have substantial contact with:
–Patient
–Environmental surfaces
–Items in patient room
• Remove gown before leaving
Contact Isolation
Standard Precautions
• Limit transport to essential purposes
• Communicate precautions to appropriate
departments
• Maintain Contact Isolation
Contact Isolation
Standard Precautions
• Dedicate non-critical equipment to Contact
Isolation patient
• Clean & disinfect equipment between
patients to avoid spread of microorganisms to
other patients, staff, or environment
Droplet Isolation
Standard Precautions
Patients infected or colonized
with
• Microorganisms
• Transmitted by droplet from coughing,
sneezing, talking, or performing
procedures
Droplet Isolation
Standard Precautions
• Wear mask when working within three feet
of patient
• Limit transport to
purposes
essential
• Minimize dispersal of droplets by masking
patient if possible during transport
Airborne Isolation
Standard Precautions
Patients infected with:
• Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB)
• Rubeola (measles)
• Varicella (chicken pox)
Airborne Isolation
Standard Precautions
• Tuberculosis - wear particulate respirator to
enter room
• Varicella & Rubeola - susceptible care givers
not to enter room if immune caregivers are
available
– Susceptible = mask
– Immune persons = no mask
Airborne Isolation
Standard Precautions
• Place patient in a negative
isolation room
air-flow
• Keep room doors closed & patient in
room
• Limit transport to essential purposes &
minimize dispersal of droplets by
masking patient