Transcript Diseases of Poultry II.

Diseases of Poultry II.
DR. NAGY EÖRSNÉ
Central Veterinary Institute, Budapest
Department of Poultry Pathology
ANTE MORTEM INSPECTION
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At the farm before transportation to the slaughterhouse the poultry
flock must be examined by veterinarian.
A certificate must be composed on the results of this inspection and the
pre-life of the flock
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If the certificate is available – and it is negative – and it does not
indicate the necessity of special measures, the ante mortem inspection
at the slaughterhouse will include the identification of transported
flock and control of injuries took place during transportation,
furthermore the examination of dead birds.
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Based on these data and examinations the veterinarian decides whether
the flock will be submitted to normal or special slaughter or further
special examination.
HUNGARIAN ZOO SANITARY CODE
41/1997.(V. 28.) FM. r.
Notifiable Diseases
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O.I.E. list A
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Newcastle disease (Paramyxovirus)
Avian influenza (Orthomyxovirus)
Duck plaque (Herpesvirus)
Viral Diseases
Newcastle disease
 Avian influenza
 Fowl pox
 Infectious bronchitis
 Infectious laryngotracheitis
 Infectious bursitis
 Marek's disease
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Newcastle disease
Notifiable disease !
 Avian paramyxovirus (serotype 1, 8
genotypes)
 different pathogenity (v, m, l, a)
 chicken, pheasant, turkey, pigeon, wild
birds
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(water fowl)
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Sensitivity: 56 °C - 3 min
pH 3 - 3 min
disinfectant
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Clinical signs:
respiratory disease
enteritidis
nervous signs
marked drop in egg production
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Pathology:
– haemorrhages on seromembranes,
on mucosal membranes
(proventriculi, small intestine,
ceca, -lymphoid tonsils -,
trachea, pharynx)
– enteritidis
– diphtheriod inflammation on lymphoid tonsils
on pharynx
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Isolation of virus (pathogenicity)
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Prevention / Vaccination
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Differential diagnosis
(septicaemia, CRD, IBD, ILT, IB, Fowl pox,
pneumovirus, coccidiosis, mycotoxicosis)
if NDV is observed on the farm:
In compliance with EU directive 93/119/EC,
depopulation of infected flocks may take place
using the following methods/drugs/systems:
 Electronarcosis by water dipping
 Decapitation and dislocation of the neck
 Gassing with carbon dioxide
 Vacuum tank
if NDV is observed in the slaughter-house
everything is condemned, and everything has to be
desinfected
Fowl pox
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Poxviridae, Avipox
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Sensitivity: 50°C heating 30 min
60°C
8 min
in dry scabs for months/years
pH 5-9 resistant
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cutaneous form
nodular (proliferative) lesions on the comb, wattle,
eyelids, other non feathered areas
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diphtheroid form
nodules on mucosal membranes of pharynx,
trachea, oesophagus
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special histopathological changes
(cytoplasmic inclusion body)
Infectious Laryngotracheitis
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Herpesvirus
Sensitivity: mild (halogen-detergents + iodophors,
heating, but (-18° C-25° C !)
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Acute respiratory disease
Conjunctivitis
Laryngitis
Tracheitis
(Histopathology: intranuclear inclusion body in
epithelial cells by 3 day PI)
Infectious bronchitis
Coronavirus
 Sensitivity: 56°C 15 min
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at room temperature 2-3 days
common detergents destroy
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Pathology:
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acute catarrhal tracheitis, bronchitis
sinusitis, air sacculitis
local pneumonia
nephritis, salpingitis (eggs !)
Infectious bursal Disease
(Gumboro Disease)
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Birnavirus
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bursa Fabricii (B lymphoid cells)
immunsuppression !
Sensitivity: very stabil virus!
60-70°C -30 min
0.5 % chloramines 10 min
invert soap + 0,05 sodium hydroxide
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Pathology:
haemorrhages
in muscles (legs, breast)
on mucosal membrane of proventriculi
on lymphoid tonsils of intestine
oedema and haemorrhageous inflammation of
bursa Fabricii
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Diff. diagnosis: Newcastle disease
mycotoxicosis
Prevention: vaccination, hygiene
Marek’s Disease
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Herpesvirus (cell associated virus)
Sensitivity: 
Pathogenity:
„classical” form (lesions in peripheral nerves)
tumoral form
(lymphoid tumors in different organs or
in skin)
transient paralysis
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Differential diagnosis:
Newcastle disease
leucosis
tumors
Parasites / Protozoa
Coccidiosis
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Eimeria tenella
Eimeria necatrix
Eimeria acervulina
Eimeria truncata
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Chicken, turkey
geese
Anticoccidial drugs /vaccination
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immunsuppressive diseases (Marek’s disease,
CAV, Gumboro disease, Reo, mycotoxines…)
Haemorrhagic enteritidis
(clotted blood - fibrinous inflammation)
in caecum
in small intestines
 renal coccidiosis (enlarged, yellow-greyish
kidneys)
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Fungal infections
Aspergillosis
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Aspergillus fumigatus
Aspergillus flavus
Penicillium
Mucor
Respiratory disease
pneumonia (granulomes)
air sacculitis, peritonitis
Litter, feed (toxins)
(Antibiotics contraindicated!)
In these cases poultry meat is partial
condemned for human consumption
(the effected areas are condemned:
- parenchymal orgams
- intestines
- skin + muscles /breast, legs/ )