Transcript Bloodborne Pathogens

Bloodborne
Pathogens
Are You Protected?
Bloodborne Pathogen
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Bloodborne – carried by and lives in human
blood or other bodily fluids
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Blood
Semen
Feces
Urine
Vomit
Pathogen – a microorganism that can cause
disease
Types of Pathogens
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Virus – parasitic microscopic protein
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Bacteria – one celled organism
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Fungus – single or multi-celled organism
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Protozoa – primitive single-celled
organism
◦ AIDS, Hepatitis, Herpes, Bird Flu
◦ Tetanus, Tuberculosis, Staph Infection
◦ Ringworm, Athlete’s Foot
◦ Malaria, Giardia
How Pathogens Enter the Body
Ingestion
2. Punctures, cuts, abrasions, and other
non-intact skin.
3. Mucous Membranes
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Mouth
Nose
Eyes
Sexual Contact
Your Potential Workplace
Exposure
First Aid
Responder
Janitorial Duties
First Aid
First aid training
Good Samaritan
Collateral duty*
Not covered by BBP standard applies
BBP Standard
* if First-Aid response
is an expected part of
the job
Designated responder
BBP standard
applies
HEPATITIS A
Acquired primarily
through the fecal-oral
route.
 Causes an infection of
the liver.
 Cannot be distinguished
from other forms of
Hepatitis without testing.
 The “restaurant”
hepatitis.
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HEPATITIS B
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Contracted from contact with
blood or other bodily fluids.
100 times more contagious
than Human
Immunodeficiency Virus
(HIV).
Can live in a dry environment
for at least 7 days
Some people can be carriers
and never get sick, but they
can infect others.
There is no cure, but there is
a preventative vaccine.
Hepatitis B
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Very infectious
◦ 1/3 no symptoms, 1/3 flu-like, 1/3 severe
◦ 6 to 10% of cases infectious for life (carrier
state)
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In the past, 140,000-300,000 new infections
per year
◦ 5,000-6,000 deaths/yr from chronic liver
disease
HEPATITIS C
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Spread by infected blood or other bodily
fluids.
85% of Hepatitis C infections persist for
life
Once contracted, over 70% of cases
become chronic.
No preventative vaccine.
Current risk rate of contraction is 1 in
10,000.
HEPATITIS C
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4 million Americans infected
Only 25% of those infected have been
diagnosed
Carrier state can develop with or without
symptoms
Carrier state can lead to chronic liver
disease, cirrhosis (10 year latency), or
cancer (alcohol is strong co-factor)
Leading cause of liver transplant in U.S.
HEPATITIS C
Signs and symptoms may not appear until
10 years after infection
 Onset of symptoms may present with
severe liver disease
 No broadly effective treatment
 No vaccine available
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HEPATITIS- A,B,&C
Heating foods above 1800 F for one
minute will kill the virus.
 Good hygiene (washing hands and face)
in the best prevention method.
 A 10% bleach solution if also an excellent
disinfectant.
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Signs and Symptoms of Hepatitis
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Flu-like fatigue
and loss of
appetite
Fever, nausea,
and joint pain
Headaches
Jaundice
Dark colored
urine
Light colored
stool
Hepatitis B Infected Liver
Normal
Hepatitis B
Human Immunodeficiency
Virus (HIV)
Spread by exchange of blood or
other bodily fluids.
 Attacks the body’s immune
system.
 Can live in a dry environment
for only a few hours
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Human Immunodeficiency Virus
(HIV)
> 1 million infections in U.S.
 138 cases of possible occupational
transmission
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Infected persons may be asymptomatic
for years.
 Usually develops into Acquired
Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)
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Signs and Symptoms of
HIV and AIDS
After infection a person will experience
flu-like symptoms, then they may become
asymptomatic for years.
 When symptoms do appear they are
usually in the form of weight loss, fatigue,
night sweats and fever.
 As the disease progresses the infected
person usually dies from an opportunistic
infection or cancer due to their weakened
immune system.
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How Do You Protect Yourself?
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Exposure Control Plan
Use the Universal
Precaution
Work Practice Controls
Engineering Controls
Personal Protective
Equipment
Exposure Control Plan
 Hepatitis
 Post
B vaccination
exposure evaluation & follow-up
 Communication
 Recordkeeping
and training
UNIVERSAL
PRECAUTION
Treat all potentially
infectious material as if it
contained bloodborne
pathogens!
Work Practice Controls
Controls that reduce the likelihood of
exposure by altering how a task is
performed.
 Examples:
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◦ Washing hands after coming into contact with
potentially infectious materials.
◦ Not eating, drinking, or smoking in areas
where potentially infectious materials are
located.
◦ Decontaminating work surfaces after use.
Housekeeping
Maintain a clean and sanitary
workplace
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Written cleaning and
decontamination schedule
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Contaminated waste disposal
methods
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Laundry
Engineering Controls
Controls that reduce
employee exposure by
either removing the hazard,
or by isolating the
employee.
 Examples:
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◦ Using a dust pan or tongs to
pick up broken glass.
◦ Using biohazard disposal
containers to dispose of
potentially infectious materials.
Biohazard Bag
Personal Protective Equipment
Specialized clothing or
equipment used for protection
against infectious materials.
 Examples:
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Gloves
Protective Eyewear
Face shields
Mouthpieces and Resuscitation
Devices
All PPE will be provided to you
at no personal cost.
PPE
Gloves
 Latex
 Nitrile
 Vinyl
 Utility
Vaccinations
 The
Hepatitis vaccination is given as
a series of three injections, whose
schedule will be determined by a
doctor.
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Hepatitis B vaccine prevents
Hepatitis B in 85 – 95% of the
people who get all three shots.
Hepatitis B
Vaccination
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Make Hepatitis B vaccination available
»Declination statement required
»Available at later date if desired
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No cost to employees
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Reasonable time and place
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If series is interrupted, continue at any time
rather than restart series
Recordkeeping
 Medical
records
»HBV vaccination status
»Written medical opinion of
exposure incidents
»Exposure incident details
»Maintain for length of
employment + 30 years
Recordkeeping
 Training
records
»Dates
»Content summary
»Trainer name & qualifications
»Attendee’s names & job titles
»Maintain for 3 years
If you are exposed:
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Wash cuts with soap and water.
Flush splashes to the nose, mouth, or skin
with water.
Flush out eyes with clean water or saline.
If you are exposed
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Notify your supervisor
immediately.
Seek medical attention.
Fill out a Supervisor’s
Injury/Exposure Report.
Fill out an Affidavit of Possible
Exposure to Reportable
Disease/Follow Up Form.
Questions?